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Biology & Pharmacology > Urinary System🩺 > Flashcards

Urinary System🩺 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the urinary system?

A

To remove waste products and excess fluid from the body.

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2
Q

True or False: The kidneys are responsible for filtering blood.

A

True

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3
Q

What are the two main components of the urinary system?

A

The kidneys and the urinary tract.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The functional unit of the kidney is called a _____ .

A

nephron

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5
Q

What is the role of the ureters?

A

To transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a part of the urinary system? A) Kidneys B) Ureters C) Liver D) Bladder

A

C) Liver

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7
Q

What is the name of the process by which urine is expelled from the bladder?

A

Micturition

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8
Q

True or False: The bladder can hold approximately 300-500 mL of urine.

A

True

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9
Q

What hormone regulates water balance in the body and affects urine concentration?

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

A

urethra

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11
Q

What is the primary waste product excreted by the kidneys?

A

Urea

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12
Q

Multiple Choice: Which structure in the kidney is responsible for filtration? A) Glomerulus B) Loop of Henle C) Collecting duct D) Renal pelvis

A

A) Glomerulus

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13
Q

What are the two types of nephrons?

A

Cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons.

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14
Q

True or False: The renal artery carries oxygenated blood to the kidneys.

A

True

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15
Q

What is the role of the renal pelvis?

A

To collect urine from the kidneys before it moves to the ureters.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the outer layer of the kidney.

A

renal cortex

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17
Q

What condition is characterized by the presence of kidney stones?

A

Urolithiasis

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: What is the normal urine pH range? A) 4.5-8.0 B) 7.0-9.0 C) 3.0-5.0 D) 6.0-8.5

A

A) 4.5-8.0

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19
Q

What is the term for the involuntary loss of urine?

A

Incontinence

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20
Q

True or False: The kidneys also help regulate blood pressure.

A

True

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21
Q

What is the main function of the loop of Henle?

A

To concentrate urine and conserve water.

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ sphincter controls the release of urine from the bladder.

A

external urethral

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23
Q

What is the condition called when the kidneys are unable to filter waste effectively?

A

Kidney failure

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24
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI)? A) Frequent urination B) Fever C) Painful urination D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above

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25
What is the role of aldosterone in the urinary system?
To regulate sodium and potassium balance and influence blood pressure.
26
True or False: Urine is sterile when it is produced in the kidneys.
True
27
What is the process by which substances are reabsorbed from the renal tubules back into the blood?
Tubular reabsorption
28
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the innermost layer of the kidney.
renal medulla
29
What is the term for the presence of protein in urine?
Proteinuria
30
Multiple Choice: Which part of the urinary system is primarily responsible for urine storage? A) Kidneys B) Ureters C) Bladder D) Urethra
C) Bladder
31
What is the main function of the collecting ducts in the nephron?
To collect urine from multiple nephrons and transport it to the renal pelvis.
32
What is the normal colour of urine?
Pale yellow to deep amber
33
What is the normal PH of urine?
4.5-8
34
Define oliguria
Lack of urine due to dehydration or renal disease
35
Define anuria.
Absence of urine production due to kidney failure
36
Define polyuria
Excessive urine production due to diabetes or kidney disease
37
What is the main function of the urethra?
To transport urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
38
Why are there mucus glands in the urethra?
To protect from extreme PH
39
Where does the male urethra pass through?
Prostate gland
40
Where is the female urethra embedded?
In the anterior vaginal wall
41
True or false: The female urethra has less of a bacteria barrier?
True
42
What is the main function of the urinary bladder?
It collects urine from both ureters
43
What anchors the uterus ?
A layer composed of collagen and fat
44
What is micturition?
A term used for urinating or voiding
45
What does voluntary control rely on?
Consciously preventing relaxation of the external urethra sphincters to maintain urinary continence
46
At what volume does voluntary control fail?
Between 300-400ml
47
What are the nerves involved in the control of urination?
Hypogastric, pelvic and pudendal
48
What is the role of sympathetic nerves in the urinary system?
Suppresses contraction
49
Where is the left kidney located?
At about the T12 and L3 vertebrae
50
What covers the kidneys?
A fibrous capsule composed of dense, irregular connective tissues that help hold the shape and to protect them
51
What is the capsule covered by?
A shock absorbing layer of adipose tissue called the renal fat pad
52
What anchors the kidneys?
Tough renal fascia
53
What is the renal hilum ?
The entry and exit site for structure servicing the kidney
54
What is within the kidneys?
Nephrons and vessels
55
What controls the production of red blood cells?
Hormonal EPO
56
What does the kidneys release ?
Aldosterone
57
What is the function of aldosterone in the urinary system?
Regulate blood pressure
58
Define osmosis
Passive movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane
59
Define osmotic pressure
The pressure exerted by proteins in the blood
60
What is glomerular filtration?
The process where blood is filtered into the kidney tubules from the glomerulus and where filtrate is produced
61
What is tubular reabsorption?
The process where substances are reabsorbed back into the blood from the kidneys tubules
62
What is the process called where substances are secreted from the blood to the kidney tubules?
Tubular secretion
63
Where is filtrate produced?
Renal corpuscle
64
What is the loop of henle?
Where further reabsorption of water, sodium and chloride ions takes place
65
What happens in the collecting duct?
Variable reabsorption of water or the secretion of sodium, potassium, hydrogen and bicarbonate ions
66
What is secreted in the distal convoluted tubule?
Ions, acids, drugs and toxins
67
What is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?
Water, ions and all organic nutrients
68
How does blood arrive and exit the glomerulus ?
Afferent arteriole - comes in Efferent arteriole - exits
69
What does glomerular capillaries contain?
Leukocytes, plasma proteins, platelets, erythrocytes and drugs
70
Why is glomerular filtration important?
It indicates how well the kidneys are functioning
71
Where is ADH secreted from?
Posterior pituitary
72
What is the main function of ADH in the urinary system?
To regulate osmotic pressure

Biology & Pharmacology (17 decks)

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