Fluid Balance💧 Flashcards
What is the body water content in adults?
50-60%
What has the highest proportion of water in the body?
Brain and kidneys
What has the least water proportion in the body?
Teeth
What is the intracellular fluid compartment?
The system that includes all fluid enclosed in the cells by their plasma membranes
What is the main component of cytoplasm?
Intracellular fluid
Why is intracellular fluid regulated closely?
Too much can cause the cell to be destroyed and too little can cause the cell to be concentrated
Where is extracellular fluid?
Surrounding all the cells in the body
What are the two primary constitutes of extracellular fluid?
Plasma and interstitial fluid
What is the function of plasma?
Transports blood cells, proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, gases and wastes
What is the function of interstitial fluid?
Moves gases, nutrients and waste materials between capillaries and cells
What does blood plasma have a high concentration of?
Sodium, chloride, bicarbonate and protein
What has a high concentration of sodium, chloride and bicarbonate but a low concentration of protein?
Interstitial fluid
What does intracellular fluid have elevated amounts of?
Potassium, phosphate, magnesium and proteins
Define isotonic
Same concentration of water and solutes
Define hypotonic
A lot of water and solutes
Define hypertonic
Little water and solutes
What is hydrostatic pressure?
The pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart
What does active transport allow?
The cells to move a specific substance against its concentration gradient through a membrane protein, requiring energy from ATP
What is osmolarity?
The ratio of solutes to a volume of a solvent in a solution
What does plasma osmolarity reflect?
The state of hydration
What is the function of the hypothalamus in water intake?
It sends signals via the sympathetic nervous system to the salivary glands which results in the sensation of thirst. It also releases ADH which signals the kidneys to recover water from the urine
What are osmoreceptors?
Sensory receptors in the thirst centre in the hypothalamus that monitor the concentration of solutes in the blood
How long after drinking does dieresis occur?
30 minutes
What is the role of ADH?
Controls the amount of water reabsorbed from the collecting ducts and tubules in the kidneys.
