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Biology & Pharmacology > Fluid Balance💧 > Flashcards

Fluid Balance💧 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the body water content in adults?

A

50-60%

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2
Q

What has the highest proportion of water in the body?

A

Brain and kidneys

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3
Q

What has the least water proportion in the body?

A

Teeth

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4
Q

What is the intracellular fluid compartment?

A

The system that includes all fluid enclosed in the cells by their plasma membranes

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5
Q

What is the main component of cytoplasm?

A

Intracellular fluid

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6
Q

Why is intracellular fluid regulated closely?

A

Too much can cause the cell to be destroyed and too little can cause the cell to be concentrated

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7
Q

Where is extracellular fluid?

A

Surrounding all the cells in the body

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8
Q

What are the two primary constitutes of extracellular fluid?

A

Plasma and interstitial fluid

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9
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A

Transports blood cells, proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, gases and wastes

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10
Q

What is the function of interstitial fluid?

A

Moves gases, nutrients and waste materials between capillaries and cells

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11
Q

What does blood plasma have a high concentration of?

A

Sodium, chloride, bicarbonate and protein

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12
Q

What has a high concentration of sodium, chloride and bicarbonate but a low concentration of protein?

A

Interstitial fluid

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13
Q

What does intracellular fluid have elevated amounts of?

A

Potassium, phosphate, magnesium and proteins

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14
Q

Define isotonic

A

Same concentration of water and solutes

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15
Q

Define hypotonic

A

A lot of water and solutes

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16
Q

Define hypertonic

A

Little water and solutes

17
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

The pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart

18
Q

What does active transport allow?

A

The cells to move a specific substance against its concentration gradient through a membrane protein, requiring energy from ATP

19
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

The ratio of solutes to a volume of a solvent in a solution

20
Q

What does plasma osmolarity reflect?

A

The state of hydration

21
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus in water intake?

A

It sends signals via the sympathetic nervous system to the salivary glands which results in the sensation of thirst. It also releases ADH which signals the kidneys to recover water from the urine

22
Q

What are osmoreceptors?

A

Sensory receptors in the thirst centre in the hypothalamus that monitor the concentration of solutes in the blood

23
Q

How long after drinking does dieresis occur?

A

30 minutes

24
Q

What is the role of ADH?

A

Controls the amount of water reabsorbed from the collecting ducts and tubules in the kidneys.

Biology & Pharmacology (17 decks)

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