Musculoskeletal System💀 Flashcards
How many bones are in the human body?
206
What are three examples of long bones?
Femur, radius and tibia
What is the function of short bones?
To provide stability and support whilst allowing some motion
Flat bones are points of attachment for muscles and protectors of internal organs. True or false?
True
Name 2 of the flat bones within the body
Sternum and ribs
What is the function of irregular bones and name an example of one in the body
To protect internal organs.
Example - Facial bones
What are the two main parts of the long bones?
Diaphysis and epiphyses
What is the protective membrane that covers all bones in the body?
Periosteum
What are the 4 types of cells found in bone tissue?
- Osteoblasts
- Osteogenic
- Osteocytes
- Osteoclasts
Compact bone is the denser and stronger type or bone tissue. True or false?
True
What is ossification?
Bone formation
When does bone formation begin?
The 6th or 7th week of embryonic development
What does intramembranous ossification form?
Flat bones (such as the skull)
What does endochondral ossification form?
All other bones by replacing cartilage models
Why is calcium needed for the bones?
To form calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate - which gives bones their hardness
Which vitamin allows the absorption of calcium?
D
Which vitamin supports mineralisation?
K
What are the two structural components of bones?
Magnesium and fluoride
What reduces inflammation?
Omega-3 fatty acids
What is the function of growth hormones in the bones?
Increases length of long bones, enhances mineralisation and improves bone density
What hormone stimulates bone growth and promotes synthesis of bone matrix?
Thyroxine
What hormone stimulates the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the digestive tract?
Calcitriol
How many bones are in the skull?
22
What are the two main sections of the skull?
Cranial vault and facial bones
Why is the foramen magnum important?
It is where the spinal cord exits
What is also known as the cheekbone?
Zygomatic arch
How many facial bones are there?
14
What is the vertebral column?
A complex structure consisting of 24 vertebrae, the sacrum and coccyx
What are the 5 sections of the vertebral column?
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacral
- Coccygeal
What is the thoracic cage?
The rib cage
How many ribs are in the thoracic cage?
12 pairs
What are 2 other components of the thoracic cage?
Costal cartilages and the sternum
What two bones are in the pectoral girdle?
Scapula and clavicle
How many bones are in each upper limb?
30
What is the single bone of the upper arm?
Humerus
What 2 bones are paired together to make the forearm?
Ulna and radius
How many bones are in the base of the hand?
8
How many bones are in the palm of the hand?
5
How many bones are in the fingers and thumbs?
14
How many bones are in the lower limbs?
30
Where is the thigh located?
Between the hip joint and the knee joint
What is the single bone of the thigh called?
Femur
What is the patella?
The kneecap
Which bone is the larger, weight bearing bone located on the medial side of the leg?
Tibia
What is the fibula?
The bone which is thinner and on the lateral leg
What are the bones called that are in toes?
Phalanx bones
What is a joint?
Any place where adjacent bones or bone and cartilage come together to form a connection
What are the three types of joints?
Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
A suture is the narrow fibrous joint found between most bones of the skull, true or false?
True
What is a ligament?
A band of fibrous connective tissue
What is the primary function of skeletal muscles?
To enable movement, maintain posture, protect internal organs and maintain body temperature
What controls the skeletal muscles?
The nervous system through neuromuscular junctions
Where is cardiac muscle found?
The heart
Name the components of the MSK system:
- Skeletal muscle
- Tendons
- Ligaments
- Cartilage
- Bursa
- Fascia
What are skeletal muscle fibres?
“Cigar shaped” multinucleate cells
What is the connective tissue sheath that covers the muscle fibres?
Endomysium
What is the name of the courser fibrous membrane which wraps the sheathed fibres?
Perimysium
What is the name of the tougher connective tissue which is bound to the fibres?
Epimysium
What are tendons?
Tissues which connect muscle to bone
What is one location of the hyaline cartilage and what is its function?
Between the ribs and bones of the sternum.
Provides stiff and flexible support and reduces friction
What is the function of the fibrous cartilage?
Prevents bone-to-bone contact, limits relative movement and resists compression
What is the function of the fibrocartilage?
Stabilises the knee
What is a bursa?
A small fluid filled sac
What is the function of the bursa?
To provide a cushion between bones and tendons and/or muscles around a joint
What is a the growth hormone in bones?
IGF-1
The head of the femur consists of yellow and red marrow but what is the functions of these?
Yellow stores fat
Red is responsible for hematopoiesis
