Digestive System🦷 Flashcards
The function of the mouth is to…
Ingest the food, chew and mix it and begin the chemical breakdowns of carbohydrates
What propels food from the oral cavity to the oesophagus?
The pharynx
What propels food to the stomach?
Oesophagus
What is the functions of the stomach?
To begin the chemical breakdown of proteins, absorb fat soluble substances and release food into the duodenum as chyme
What is the function of the small intestine?
Absorbs carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids
What is the function of the large intestine?
Breaks down the food and propels faeces towards the rectum
What is the function of lamina-propria?
To transport nutrients that have been absorbed, house lymphocytes and make mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
What connects overlying mucosa to underlying muscularis?
Submucosa
What is the function of the muscularis?
Promotes mechanical digestion and exposes more of the food to chemicals
What begins mechanical digestion ?
Teeth and tongue
What begins chemical digestion?
Salivary glands
What stores and releases bile?
Gallbladder
What produces bile salts?
Liver
What produces enzymes and bicarbonate?
Pancreas
Which nervous system provides alimentary canal organs?
Enteric nervous system
How does blood supply help the digestive system?
Transports proteins and carbohydrate nutrients
What are the 3 neural controls of the digestive system?
- Mechanoreceptors
- Chemoreceptors
- Osmoreceptors
Define metabolism.
All the chemical reactions that occur in the body to provide the chemical energy for all cellular activity
What are the two processes of metabolism?
Catabolic (breaking down) and anabolic (building up)
What are the main nutrient groups?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Minerals
Vitamins
Water
Fibre
What is the cells preferred energy source?
Glucose
What is the function of aerobic respiration?
To release energy
What is formed from the breakdown of amino acids?
Urea
What are proteins used for?
- Cell division
- Cell repair
- Cell building
- Making more energy
What are lipids made of?
Glycerol backbone and fatty acids
What are lipids used for?
Cell membranes, energy storage, nutrient transportation, steroids and cushioning vital organs
Fatty acid chains are strings of hydrogen and carbon atoms. But what does tri, di and mono chains mean?
Tri - 3 chains
Di - 2 chains
Mono - 1 chain
Which fats have single chain bonds?
Saturated
What fats have double chain bonds?
Unsaturated
What are steroids made up of?
Cholesterol
What are three important steroid hormones?
- Oestrogen
- Progesterone
- Testosterone
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
A, D, E and K
What are water soluble vitamins?
B and C
How many vitamins are there in total?
13
What are the three main minerals?
Iron, potassium and calcium
What do trace elements include?
Iodine and zinc
What do trace elements include?
Iodine and zinc
What is the primary function of the digestive system?
To break down food and absorb nutrients.
True or False: The mouth is the first organ of the digestive system.
True
Fill in the blank: The __________ is responsible for the absorption of most nutrients.
small intestine
What enzyme is found in saliva that begins the digestion of carbohydrates?
Amylase
Multiple Choice: Which of the following organs is NOT part of the digestive system? A) Stomach B) Liver C) Lungs D) Pancreas
C) Lungs
What is the role of the stomach in digestion?
To mix food with gastric juices and break it down into a semi-liquid form.
True or False: The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes.
True
What is the name of the flap that prevents food from entering the windpipe during swallowing?
Epiglottis
Fill in the blank: The __________ produces bile, which helps in the digestion of fats.
liver
Multiple Choice: Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for the digestion of proteins? A) Mouth B) Stomach C) Esophagus D) Large intestine
B) Stomach
What are villi and their function in the digestive system?
Villi are small, finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
True or False: The pancreas produces insulin and digestive enzymes.
True
What is the function of the gallbladder in digestion?
To store and concentrate bile produced by the liver.
Fill in the blank: The __________ connects the mouth to the stomach.
esophagus
Multiple Choice: Which digestive process involves the physical breakdown of food? A) Digestion B) Absorption C) Mastication D) Peristalsis
C) Mastication
