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Biology & Pharmacology > Digestive System🦷 > Flashcards

Digestive System🦷 Flashcards

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1
Q

The function of the mouth is to…

A

Ingest the food, chew and mix it and begin the chemical breakdowns of carbohydrates

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2
Q

What propels food from the oral cavity to the oesophagus?

A

The pharynx

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3
Q

What propels food to the stomach?

A

Oesophagus

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4
Q

What is the functions of the stomach?

A

To begin the chemical breakdown of proteins, absorb fat soluble substances and release food into the duodenum as chyme

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5
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

Absorbs carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids

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6
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Breaks down the food and propels faeces towards the rectum

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7
Q

What is the function of lamina-propria?

A

To transport nutrients that have been absorbed, house lymphocytes and make mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

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8
Q

What connects overlying mucosa to underlying muscularis?

A

Submucosa

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9
Q

What is the function of the muscularis?

A

Promotes mechanical digestion and exposes more of the food to chemicals

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10
Q

What begins mechanical digestion ?

A

Teeth and tongue

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11
Q

What begins chemical digestion?

A

Salivary glands

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12
Q

What stores and releases bile?

A

Gallbladder

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13
Q

What produces bile salts?

A

Liver

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14
Q

What produces enzymes and bicarbonate?

A

Pancreas

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15
Q

Which nervous system provides alimentary canal organs?

A

Enteric nervous system

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16
Q

How does blood supply help the digestive system?

A

Transports proteins and carbohydrate nutrients

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17
Q

What are the 3 neural controls of the digestive system?

A
  • Mechanoreceptors
  • Chemoreceptors
  • Osmoreceptors
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18
Q

Define metabolism.

A

All the chemical reactions that occur in the body to provide the chemical energy for all cellular activity

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19
Q

What are the two processes of metabolism?

A

Catabolic (breaking down) and anabolic (building up)

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20
Q

What are the main nutrient groups?

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Minerals
Vitamins
Water
Fibre

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21
Q

What is the cells preferred energy source?

A

Glucose

22
Q

What is the function of aerobic respiration?

A

To release energy

23
Q

What is formed from the breakdown of amino acids?

A

Urea

24
Q

What are proteins used for?

A
  • Cell division
  • Cell repair
  • Cell building
  • Making more energy
25
Q

What are lipids made of?

A

Glycerol backbone and fatty acids

26
Q

What are lipids used for?

A

Cell membranes, energy storage, nutrient transportation, steroids and cushioning vital organs

27
Q

Fatty acid chains are strings of hydrogen and carbon atoms. But what does tri, di and mono chains mean?

A

Tri - 3 chains
Di - 2 chains
Mono - 1 chain

28
Q

Which fats have single chain bonds?

A

Saturated

29
Q

What fats have double chain bonds?

A

Unsaturated

30
Q

What are steroids made up of?

A

Cholesterol

31
Q

What are three important steroid hormones?

A
  • Oestrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Testosterone
32
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E and K

33
Q

What are water soluble vitamins?

A

B and C

34
Q

How many vitamins are there in total?

A

13

35
Q

What are the three main minerals?

A

Iron, potassium and calcium

36
Q

What do trace elements include?

A

Iodine and zinc

37
Q

What do trace elements include?

A

Iodine and zinc

38
Q

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

A

To break down food and absorb nutrients.

39
Q

True or False: The mouth is the first organ of the digestive system.

A

True

40
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is responsible for the absorption of most nutrients.

A

small intestine

41
Q

What enzyme is found in saliva that begins the digestion of carbohydrates?

A

Amylase

42
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following organs is NOT part of the digestive system? A) Stomach B) Liver C) Lungs D) Pancreas

A

C) Lungs

43
Q

What is the role of the stomach in digestion?

A

To mix food with gastric juices and break it down into a semi-liquid form.

44
Q

True or False: The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes.

A

True

45
Q

What is the name of the flap that prevents food from entering the windpipe during swallowing?

A

Epiglottis

46
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ produces bile, which helps in the digestion of fats.

A

liver

47
Q

Multiple Choice: Which part of the digestive system is primarily responsible for the digestion of proteins? A) Mouth B) Stomach C) Esophagus D) Large intestine

A

B) Stomach

48
Q

What are villi and their function in the digestive system?

A

Villi are small, finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.

49
Q

True or False: The pancreas produces insulin and digestive enzymes.

A

True

50
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder in digestion?

A

To store and concentrate bile produced by the liver.

51
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ connects the mouth to the stomach.

A

esophagus

52
Q

Multiple Choice: Which digestive process involves the physical breakdown of food? A) Digestion B) Absorption C) Mastication D) Peristalsis

A

C) Mastication

Biology & Pharmacology (17 decks)

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