Urinary System

Question 1

What is the location of the Kidney?

Answer 1

Retroperitoneal cavity
Level with T12 - L3
Level and posterior to stomach & pancreas

Question 2

What is the function of the Nephron?

Answer 2

• Filters nitrogenous waste from blood
• Forms urine
• Removes excess water and electrolytes

Question 3

What do afferent arterioles do?

Answer 3

• take blood into individual nephrons
• specifically into individual glomeruli

Question 4

What do efferent arterioles do?

Answer 4

• take blook out of individual nephrons

Question 5

What is a Glomerulus?

Answer 5

A ball of capillaries that perform the following steps:
1. filter substances out of blood and into Bowman’s capsule
2. filtrate passes through proximal convoluted tubule
3. loop of Henle
4. distal convoluted tubule
5. Collecting duct

Question 6

Glomerulus filters out what items from the blood?

Answer 6

• most water and ions
• RBCs, WBCs, Platelets, and plasma proteins (albumin) do not filter out

Question 7

What happens in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Answer 7

• 65% of water
• ions
• bicarbonate
• H+
• glucose
• amino acids

Are all reabsorbed

Question 8

What happens in the descending loop of Henle

Answer 8

Water reabsorption only

Question 9

What happens in the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 9

Fine tuning - reabsorption according to body’s needs

Question 10

What hormones are important in the DCT?

Answer 10

ADH - causes increased water absorption
Aldosterone causes increased sodium reabsorption