Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Comps 1 Review > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 parts make up a neuron?

A
  1. Cell body
  2. Dendrites
  3. Axon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do Dendrites do?

A

Receptive part of the neuron cell. Respond to incoming signals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do Axon’s do?

A
  1. Send action potentials away to another tissue
  2. Have synaptic vesicles at the end which release neurotransmitters into synaptic cleft
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a nerve?

A

Bundle of axons (motor and sensory) in PNS (peripheral nervous system)

Ex. Sciatic nerve, radial nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a tract?

A

Bundle of axons in CNS (central nervous system)

Ex. Brain and spinal cord - ex. lateral spinothalamic tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

Cluster of cell bodies in peripheral nervous system i.e. doral root ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are neuroglia?

A

They are the supporting cells of the nervous system. Support neurons. Protect, nourish, remove debris from neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List the six type of neuroglia

A
  1. Astrocytes - Form blood/brain barrier
  2. Oligodendrocytes - Form myelin in CNS
  3. Schwaan Cells - Form myelin in PNS
  4. Microglia
  5. Ependymal Cells
  6. Satelitte cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does a neuron conduct action potential?

A
  1. Na+ influx = depolarization
  2. K+ efflux = repolarization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the four main parts of the brain?

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Diencephalon
  4. Brainstem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many hemispheres are in the cerebrum?

A

Two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 4 lobes in each of the cerebrum hemispheres?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Temporal
  3. Parietal
  4. Occipital - visual cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Wernicke’s area responsible for in the cerebrum?

A

Understanding of written and spoken language

Injury causes fluent aphasia - they can respond, but they cannot understand the incoming language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Broca’s area responsible for in the cerebrum?

A

Speech output or speech production.

Injury causes expressive aphasia - they start speaking jibberish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

It is responsible for coordination, equilibrium and proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the Diencephalon contain?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
Pineal Gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the brainstem responsible for?

A

Organ regulation

Involuntary - autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three parts of the brainstem?

A
  1. Midbrain (Superior)
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla Oblongata (Inferior)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the steps of the motor pathway?

A
  1. Primary Motor Cortex
  2. Pyramids of Medulla Oblongata
  3. Down the spinal cord via corticospinal/pyramidial tracts
  4. Anterior/Ventral horn
  5. Anterior/Central Root
  6. Spinal Nerve
  7. Peripheral Nerve
  8. Muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the neurotransmitter that stimulates the muscle to contract?

A

Acetylcholine

21
Q

What is the name of the tract that carries motor impulses down the spinal cord?

A

The Corticospinal tract or pyramidial tract

22
Q

Motor nerve impulses exit the spinal cord via which of the following:

A. The Ventral Root
B. Dorsal Root

A

A. The ventral root

23
Q

What is the neurotransmitter that motor neurons release?

A

Acetylcholine

24
Q

Where do motor tracts cross?

A

In the pyramids of the medulla oblongota

25
Q

What are the steps of the sensory pathway?

A
  1. Peripheral receptor
  2. Peripheral nerve
  3. Spinal nerve
  4. Posterior/Dorsal Root
  5. Posterior Dorsal Horn
  6. Up Spinal cord via Spinothalamic Tract
  7. Thalamus (Relay Station)
  8. Somatosensory Cortex
26
Q

Where do tracts cross?

A
  1. Corticospinal tracts cross in the pyramids of medulla oblongata
  2. Lateral Spinothalamic tract (pain and temperature) cross at the spinal cord level
27
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A

The brain and the spinal cord

28
Q

What connective tissue protects the brain and the spinal cord?

A

The Meninges

29
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Meninges?

A

Pad
1. Pia Matar (deepest)
2. Arachnoid Matar
3. Dura Matar (most superficial, thickest, toughest)

30
Q

What layer of the meninges is the toughest, thickest, strongest?

A

The Dura Matar

31
Q

How is Cerebrospinal Fluid formed?

A

Choroid plexus (capillaries) in ventricles of the brain makes the Cerebrospinal Fluid

32
Q

How is the cerebrospinal fluid reabsorbed?

A

Arachnoid villi

33
Q

What nerves attach directly to the CNS?

A
  1. Spinal Nerves
  2. Cranial Nerves
34
Q

Which vertebrae is the spinal nerve named for?

A

General Rule: If you are in the cervical spine the nerve will be above it’s corresponding vertebrae.

Ex. C1 nerve exits above C1 vertebrae.

Thoracic and lumbar spine - the nerve exits below the corresponding vertebrae.

Ex. T1 nerve exists below T1 vertebrae

35
Q

Olfactory Nerve - Cranial Nerve I

A

Sense of smell

36
Q

Optic Nerve - Cranial Nerve II

A

Sense of vision

37
Q

Oculomotor Nerve - Cranial Nerve III

A

Moves eye every other direction, raises eyelid, and constricts the pupil

38
Q

Trochlear Nerve - Cranial Nerve IV

A

Moves eye down and in

39
Q

Which cranial nerves have to do with eye movement?

A

Cranial Nerves, 3, 4, and 6

Oculomotor nerve - cranial nerve 3
Trochlear nerve - cranial nerve 4
Abducens nerve - cranial nerve 6

40
Q

Trigeminal Nerve - Cranial Nerve V

A

Facial sensation, motor for mastication (chewing)

41
Q

Abducens Nerve - Cranial Nerve VI

A

Moves eyeball laterally

42
Q

Facial Nerve - Cranial Nerve VII

A

Motor for face (expression), Sensory for taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue

43
Q

Vestibulocochlear Nerve - Cranial Nerve VIII

A

Hearing and equilibrium (inner ear)

44
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerve - Cranial Nerve IX

A

Motor for swallowing (pharynx) and sensory for taste on posterior 1/3 of the tongue.

45
Q

Vagus Nerve - Cranial Nerve X

A

Longest cranial nerve in body. Parasympathetic control of organs. Slows HR, promotes digestive activity/peristalsis

46
Q

What is the longest AND thickest nerve in the body?

A

Sciatic Nerve

47
Q

Accessory Nerve - Cranial Nerve XI

A

Controls SCM and trapezius (shrug shoulder and turn head)

48
Q

Hypoglossal Nerve - Cranial Nerve XII

A

Movement of the tongue

49
Q

List all 12 cranial nerves

A
  1. Olfactory
  2. Optic
  3. Oculomotor
  4. Trochlear
  5. Trigeminal Nerve
  6. Abducens
  7. Facial Nerve
  8. Vestibulocochlear Nerve
  9. Glossopharyngeal Nerve
  10. Vagus Nerve
  11. Accessory Nerve
  12. Hypoglossal Nerve

Comps 1 Review (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions