Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the location of the heart called?
Mediastinum
What makes the S1 heart sound?
Closing of the A/V valves (tricuspid and mitral valves)
What makes the S2 heart sound
Closing of the Semilunar valves (Aortic & Pulmonary valves)
What is the contraction phase of the heart?
Systole
What is the relaxation or filling phase of the heart
Diastole
What is the order of the cardiac cycle?
S1 - Atrial Systole and Ventricular Diastole
S2 - Atrial Diastole and Ventricular Systole
What is the Frank Starling Law?
The Frank Starling Law states that the force of cardiac muscle contraction is proportional to the preload (or degree of muscle stretch after the filling phase).
List the steps of the conduction system of the heart
- Depolarization starts with the pacemaker which is the SA (sinoatrial node).
- Spreads through the contractile fibers of the atria
- Slows down at the A/V (atrial ventricular node).
- Bundle of His
- Left & right bundle branches
- Moves fastest through the Purkinje fibers
- Spreads through the contractile fibers of the ventricles.
What are the 3 wave types in an EKG?
P wave - SA Node/ Atrial depolarization
QRS Complex - Pukinje/Ventricular depolarization
T wave - Repolarization of ventricles
What is the order of flow in systemic circulation?
- Left Ventricle
- Aorta
- Arteries
- Arterioles
- Capillaries
- Venules
- Veins
- Vena Cavas
- Right Atrium
What type of pressure is in the arteries v.s. veins
Arteries have high pressure.
Veins have low pressure.
What is the smallest vessel in which blood flows?
Capillaries. This is also where oxygen exchange takes place.
In general, arteries carry oxygenated blood and veins carry deoxygenated blood. What vessels are the exception to that rule?
The pulmonary vessels.
Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the heart to be pumped to the body.
Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated.
Which structures do not contain capillaries?
The lens of the eye
Which system is considered the reservoir for blood?
The Venous system or the veins