Digestive System Flashcards
Where are the GI organs located?
The peritoneal cavity
What is the name of the thicker portion of the peritoneal cavity that covers the stomach down to the intestines?
The Greater Omentum
What enzyme is secreted in the saliva?
Amylase. This begins carbohydrate digestion
Where does digestion begin?
In the mouth, due to amylase in the saliva
What are the two types of cells in the Stomach?
Parietal cells and Chief cells
What do parietal cells create?
1) Hydrochloric acid - which begins to breakdown proteins and kill any microbes on the food we consume
2) Intrinsic factor - which allows for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the Ilium of the Small Intestine
What does intrinsic factor do?
Intrinsic factor binds with Vitamin B12 so that it can be absorbed in the illium of the small intestine later on
What do Chief cells create?
Chief cells create pepsinogen/pepsin (active form).
What does pepsin do?
Pepsin breaks down peptide bonds (the bonds that hold proteins together). Therefore important in protein digestion. Breaking proteins down to amino acids.
What is the name of the sphincter in the distal part of the stomach that controls emptying from the stomach into the small intestines?
Pyloric sphincter
What are the three sections of the small intestine from proximal to distal?
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
What is the purpose of the Villi/Micorvilli that line the small intestine?
The purpose of the villi & microvilli is to increase the surface area for better digestion and absorption.
What are the accessory digestion organs?
Liver, Gallbladder, and pancreas
Which organ makes bile?
The Liver
What does bile do?
It emulsifies lipids
What does the liver do?
- Makes bile
- Stores glucose in the form of glycogen
- Makes proteins such as albumin, clotting factors, angiotensinogen, complement proteins
- Converts ammonia (by-product of protein metabolism) into urea
What does the gallbladder do?
Stores, concentrates, and releases bile into duodenum via common bile duct.
What does the pancreas do?
Makes enzymes for digestion:
1. Amylase - digest carbs
2. Lipase - digest lipids
3. Trypsin - digest proteins
What does the large intestine do?
- Eliminate waste
- Water absorption
- Bacteria help extract B vitamins and Vitamin K
What are the sections of the large intestine?
- Cecum - appendix attaches to this
- Ascending Colon
- Transverse Colon
- Descending Colon
- Sigmoid Colon
- Rectum
- Anus
Which arteries provide blood flow to the GI organs?
Oxygenated blood comes from the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries
How does blood leave the GI?
Hepatic portal vein to the liver
