Digestive System

Question 1

Where are the GI organs located?

Answer 1

The peritoneal cavity

Question 2

What is the name of the thicker portion of the peritoneal cavity that covers the stomach down to the intestines?

Answer 2

The Greater Omentum

Question 3

What enzyme is secreted in the saliva?

Answer 3

Amylase. This begins carbohydrate digestion

Question 4

Where does digestion begin?

Answer 4

In the mouth, due to amylase in the saliva

Question 5

What are the two types of cells in the Stomach?

Answer 5

Parietal cells and Chief cells

Question 6

What do parietal cells create?

Answer 6

1) Hydrochloric acid - which begins to breakdown proteins and kill any microbes on the food we consume
2) Intrinsic factor - which allows for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the Ilium of the Small Intestine

Question 7

What does intrinsic factor do?

Answer 7

Intrinsic factor binds with Vitamin B12 so that it can be absorbed in the illium of the small intestine later on

Question 8

What do Chief cells create?

Answer 8

Chief cells create pepsinogen/pepsin (active form).

Question 9

What does pepsin do?

Answer 9

Pepsin breaks down peptide bonds (the bonds that hold proteins together). Therefore important in protein digestion. Breaking proteins down to amino acids.

Question 10

What is the name of the sphincter in the distal part of the stomach that controls emptying from the stomach into the small intestines?

Answer 10

Pyloric sphincter

Question 11

What are the three sections of the small intestine from proximal to distal?

Answer 11

1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum

Question 12

What is the purpose of the Villi/Micorvilli that line the small intestine?

Answer 12

The purpose of the villi & microvilli is to increase the surface area for better digestion and absorption.

Question 13

What are the accessory digestion organs?

Answer 13

Liver, Gallbladder, and pancreas

Question 14

Which organ makes bile?

Answer 14

The Liver

Question 15

What does bile do?

Answer 15

It emulsifies lipids

Question 16

What does the liver do?

Answer 16

1. Makes bile
2. Stores glucose in the form of glycogen
3. Makes proteins such as albumin, clotting factors, angiotensinogen, complement proteins
4. Converts ammonia (by-product of protein metabolism) into urea

Question 17

What does the gallbladder do?

Answer 17

Stores, concentrates, and releases bile into duodenum via common bile duct.

Question 18

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 18

Makes enzymes for digestion:
1. Amylase - digest carbs
2. Lipase - digest lipids
3. Trypsin - digest proteins

Question 19

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 19

1. Eliminate waste
2. Water absorption
3. Bacteria help extract B vitamins and Vitamin K

Question 20

What are the sections of the large intestine?

Answer 20

1. Cecum - appendix attaches to this
2. Ascending Colon
3. Transverse Colon
4. Descending Colon
5. Sigmoid Colon
6. Rectum
7. Anus

Question 21

Which arteries provide blood flow to the GI organs?

Answer 21

Oxygenated blood comes from the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

Question 22

How does blood leave the GI?

Answer 22

Hepatic portal vein to the liver