Muscles & Bones Flashcards
What are the 4 types of tissues?
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscular
- Nervous
What does the Integumentary System include?
Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands
What protein are skin, hair, and nails mostly composed of?
Keratin
What is the anatomical position?
Standing forward, forearms supinated
What is unique about the parietal bone in the skull?
It articulates the occipital, temporal, and frontal bones.
The frontal and temporal bones do not articulate.
What are the key boney landmarks on the temporal bone?
- Mastoid process
- Zygomatic process
- Styloid process
- External auditory meatus
What 2 bones make up the hard palate?
Palatine and Maxilla
What are the 4 sinuses (FEMS)?
- Frontal
- Ethmoid
- Maxillary
- Sphenoid
What are the muscles of mastication? BITEM
- Buccinator
- Internal Pterygoid
- Temporalis
- External pterygoid
- Masseter
What are the parts of a typical vertebra?
- body (anterior)
- spinous process (posterior)
- transverse processes (2) (lateral)
What is unique about C1?
Atlas - no body and no spinous process
What is unique about C2?
Axis - Contains Dens or odontoid process which forms a pivot joint with C1
What are true ribs?
Ribs 1-7 - connect directly to the sternum
What are false ribs?
Ribs 8-10 - connect indirectly to the sternum via cartilage
What are floating ribs?
Ribs 11 & 12
What are muscles that move the spine?
- SCM
- Rectus abdominis
- Erector Spinae Group
4.
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
Attaches to the Sternum, Clavicle, and Mastoid Process
Movement:
- flexion and lateral flexion
- rotation to opposite side (contra lateral)
Which vertabra does not have a body or spinous process
C1
Rectus abdominis
Movement:
- flexion of spine
What are the muscles of the Erector Spinae Group?
Hint - I Love Spaghetti
- Illiocostalis
- Longissimus
- Spinalis muscles
What movement is the erector spinae group responsible for?
Spinal extension
What movement are the internal and external obliques responsible for?
Lateral flexion and rotation of the spine?
What movement are the QLs (Quadratus Lumborum” responsible for?
Lateral flexion of the spine
What are the landmarks of the scapula?
- Spine of the scapula
- Inferior and superior angles
- Acromion process
- Coracoid process
- Glenoid fossa (glenohumeral joint)
What are the landmarks of the humerus?
- Greater and lesser tubercle
- Medial and lateral epicondyle
What are the landmarks on the radius?
- styloid process
- head of radius
What are the landmarks on the ulna?
- styloid process
- head of ulna
- olecranon process
Which landmark is more distal?
A. Head of the Ulna
B. Head of the Radius
A. Head of the Ulna
List the carpal bones
Some Lovers Try Positions
That they Can’t Handle
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
What is the Hallicus?
Big Toe
What is the Pollicus?
Thumb
What are the muscles that elevate the scapula?
- Upper trapezius
- Levator scapulae
What are the muscles that depress the scapula?
- Lower Trapezius
What are the muscles that protract the scapula?
- Pectoralis Minor
What are the muscles that retract the scapula?
- Rhomboids
- Middle Trapezius
What muscles attach to the coracoid process of the scapula?
- Pectoralis minor
- Short head of Bicep
- Coracoidbrachialis muscle
How does the deltoid move the shoulder joint?
Anterior deltoid - flexion of shoulder (internal or medial ration of shoulder
Middle delotoid - abduction of shoulder
Posterior delotid - extension of shoulder, external or lateral rotation of shoulder
How does the pectoralis major move the shoulder?
Adduction of humerus/shoulder, internal/medial rotation
How does the lattssimus dorsi move the shoulder?
Adduction, internal/medial rotation, extension
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
- Supraspinatus
- Infraspinatus
- Teres minor
- Subscapularis
How does the bicep move the elbow joint?
- Supination of forearm
- Flexion of elbow
- Flexion of shoulder
How does the tricep move the elbow joint?
Extension of shoulder and elbow
HOw does the pronator teres move the elbow joint?
Pronating forearm
What muscles flex the wrist and fingers?
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Palmaris Longus
- Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Digitorum
Where do all the flexor muscles of the wrist and fingers originate?
They all originate at the medial epicondyle of the humerus
What muscles extend the wrist and fingers?
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus & Brevis
- Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
- Extensor Digitorum
Where do all of the extensor muscles of the wrist and fingers originate?
The lateral epicondyle of the humerus
What does the radial nerve control?
Covers back of arm and forearm (SJ channel)
What does the median nerve control?
The ventral side fingers 1-3 and up from there. (Lung and LI channels)
How many bones in the adult human skeleton?
206
