Ortho-Neuro Evaluation

Question 1

What is thenormalized curvature of the cervical spine described as?

Answer 1

Lordotic

Question 2

What are the functions of the curvature of the cervical spine?

Answer 2

1. Provide shock-absorbing mechanism
2. Allow head and eyes to remain oriented forward

Question 3

True of False: The cervical spine is the most mobile region of the spine

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True or False: The 3rd to 6th cervical vertebrae can be considered typical, while the seventh is atypical.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What are the primary movements of the C0/C1 joint?

Answer 5

Flexion and extension

Question 6

True or False: C1/C2 accounts for up to 50% of rotation in the neck

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is typical of intervertebral foramina?

Answer 7

1. Provide an exit for nerve roots
2. Side id dictated by the disc heights and the pedicle shape
3. Will lose space with pathologies

Question 8

What is spinal movement comprised of?

Answer 8

Intervertebral joints and facet joints

Question 9

What do Von Lushchka’s Joints do?

Answer 9

1. Control rotation and lateral flexion
2. Provide shock absorption by the curvature of the spince not the disc

Question 10

True or False: 50% of flexion and extension happens in the upper cervical

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What is the stomatognathic system?

Answer 11

A complex network of the jaw

Question 12

What are the key components of TMJ ?

Answer 12

• Mandible
• Maxilla
• Zygomatic arch
• Temporal Bone

Question 13

What is the function of the masseter?

Answer 13

Elevates the mandible (jaw closure) and plays a minor role in protraction

Question 14

What is the function of the temporalis?

Answer 14

Elevates and retracts the mandible (jaw closure and retraction)

Question 15

What is the function of the Medial Pterygoid?

Answer 15

Elevates the mandible (jaw closure) and contributes to protrusion. Aids in grinding movements for the teeth

Question 16

What is the function of the Lateral Pterygoid?

Answer 16

Protracts (protrudes) the amndible and assists in opening the mouth; contributes to side-to-side movements of the jaw

Question 17

What muscles open the mandible?

Answer 17

Inferior lateral pterygoids
Anterior digastrics
Mylohyoids

Question 18

What muscles close the mandible?

Answer 18

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoids

Question 19

Which muscles create lateral excursions of the mandible?

Answer 19

Inferior lateral Pterygoids
Middle Temporalis
Posterior Temporalis

Question 20

What is a cardinal feature of TMD?

Answer 20

TMJ joint noise

Question 21

True or False: The Rhomboid adducts the scapula with the lower traps

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Which muscles are the prime movers for upward rotation of the scapula?

Answer 22

Serratus anterior & Trapezius muscles

Question 23

True or False: The Latissimus Dorsi attaches to the scapula and the humerus allowing it to adduct and depress the scapula and shoulder complex

Answer 23

True

Question 24

What motions are in the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 24

Abduction
Extension
Rotation
Flexion

Question 25

Is the scapula thoracic joint a "true" joint?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

What are the movements of the scapula?

Answer 26

Protraction Depression Elevation

Question 27

What are the SITS muscles?

Answer 27

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis

Question 28

What are the SCM origin and insertion points?

Answer 28

Sternum Clavicle Mastoid Process

Question 29

The AC joint is made up of what two structures?

Answer 29

The Acromion The Clavicle

Question 30

What are the glenohumeral articulating surfaces?

Answer 30

The scapula The humerus

Question 31

True or False: The radial head is surrounded by a rim and articulates with the spherical capitulum on the humerus.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Which bone in the elbow has an hourglass-shaped trochlea?

Answer 32

The humerus

Question 33

What is the primary function of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) in the wrist?

Answer 33

Cushioning against compressive forces

Question 34

True or False: Supination is limited by the interosseous membrane and the bony impaction between the ulnar notch of the radius and the ulnar styloid process

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Which ligament extends from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the coronoid and olecranon processes of the ulna?

Answer 35

Medial collateral ligament

Question 36

Which muscle is a powerful flexor when the elbow is in 90-degree flexion?

Answer 36

Biceps brachii

Question 37

What condition is characterized by inflammation at the origin of the flexors of the wrist at the medial epicondyle?

Answer 37

Golfer's elbow

Question 38

In elbow extension, which process enters the olecranon fossa?

Answer 38

Olecranon process

Question 39

True or False: The carrying angle is typically larger in men than in women

Answer 39

False - the carrying angle is typically smaller in men because they have smaller hips

Question 40

Which nerve roots are associated with the Achilles reflex?

Answer 40

S1, S2

Question 41

What does a positive Babinski sign indicate?

Answer 41

Upper motor neuron injury

Question 42

Which reflex is associated with L3, L4 nerve root?

Answer 42

Patellar reflex

Question 43

What is the characteristic response of an upper motor neuron lesion (UMNL)?

Answer 43

Hyperreflexia and spasticity

Question 44

What does the presence of clonus indicate?

Answer 44

Upper motor neuron lesion

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a feature of lower motor neuron lesion (LMNL)?

Answer 45

Hypertonia

Question 46

What does the Hoffman's relex test for?

Answer 46

Upper motor neuron lesion

Question 47

Which reflex is tested by striking the biceps tendon?

Answer 47

Biceps reflex

Question 48

Which of the following is a characteristic of a monosynaptic reflex?

Answer 48

Involves a single synapse between sensory and motor neurons

Question 49

Which reflex involves the C8 nerve root?

Answer 49

Triceps reflex

Question 50

C4 injury can result in...?

Answer 50

Tetraplegia

Question 51

A T6 injury can result in...?

Answer 51

Paraplegia

Question 52

What is a 0 on the muscle grading scale?

Answer 52

No muscle contraction is detected

Question 53

What is a 1 on the muscle grading scale?

Answer 53

A trace contraction is noted in the muscle by palpating the muscle while the patient attempts to contract it

Question 54

What is a 2 on the muscle grading scale?

Answer 54

The patient is able to actively move the muscle when gravity is eliminated

Question 55

What is a 3 on the muscle grading scale?

Answer 55

The patient may move the muscle against gravity but not against resistance from the examiner

Question 56

What is a 4 on the muscle grading scale?

Answer 56

The patient may move the muscle group against some resistance from the examiner

Question 57

What is a 5 on the muscle grading scale?

Answer 57

The patient moves the muscle group and overcomes the resistance of the examiner. This is normal muscle strength

Question 58

Pinprick testing evaluates the sensation of pain which is mediated by (Large or Small?) unmyelinated or thinly myelinated nerve fibers that carry pain and temperature sensations?

Answer 58

Small

Question 59

Soft touch testing evaluates the sensation of light touch, which is mediated by (large or small?) myelinated nerve fibers that carry touch and proprioception sensations?

Answer 59

Large

Question 60

What is the primary purpose or neurological assessments?

Answer 60

To evaluate neurological disorders

Question 61

Reflex testing is used to evaluate the integrity of which type of pathways?

Answer 61

Reflex arcs

Question 62

Cranial nerve testing invovles evaluating the function of the twelve cranial nerves. True or False?

Answer 62

True

Question 63

What is a cranial nerve?

Answer 63

A nerve that emerges directly from the brain

Question 64

What is a dermatome?

Answer 64

An area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 65

Does the brachial plexus supply the lower limbs?

Answer 65

No

Question 66

What is the clinical relevance of lumbosacral nerve testing?

Answer 66

Diagnosing conditions like sciatic and lumbar radiculopathy

Question 67

Does myotomal testing evaluate muscle groups supplied by specific spinal nerves?

Answer 67

Yes

Question 68

Which of the following is a common application of dermatological testing?

Answer 68

Detecting sensory loss or nerve damage

Question 69

How can neurological assessments enhance acupuncture practice?

Answer 69

By integrating Western and Eastern medicine perspectices to increase better patient outcomes