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Comps 1 Review > Ortho-Neuro Evaluation > Flashcards

Ortho-Neuro Evaluation Flashcards

1
Q

What is thenormalized curvature of the cervical spine described as?

A

Lordotic

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2
Q

What are the functions of the curvature of the cervical spine?

A
  1. Provide shock-absorbing mechanism
  2. Allow head and eyes to remain oriented forward
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3
Q

True of False: The cervical spine is the most mobile region of the spine

A

True

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4
Q

True or False: The 3rd to 6th cervical vertebrae can be considered typical, while the seventh is atypical.

A

True

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5
Q

What are the primary movements of the C0/C1 joint?

A

Flexion and extension

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6
Q

True or False: C1/C2 accounts for up to 50% of rotation in the neck

A

True

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7
Q

What is typical of intervertebral foramina?

A
  1. Provide an exit for nerve roots
  2. Side id dictated by the disc heights and the pedicle shape
  3. Will lose space with pathologies
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8
Q

What is spinal movement comprised of?

A

Intervertebral joints and facet joints

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9
Q

What do Von Lushchka’s Joints do?

A
  1. Control rotation and lateral flexion
  2. Provide shock absorption by the curvature of the spince not the disc
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10
Q

True or False: 50% of flexion and extension happens in the upper cervical

A

True

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11
Q

What is the stomatognathic system?

A

A complex network of the jaw

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12
Q

What are the key components of TMJ ?

A
  • Mandible
  • Maxilla
  • Zygomatic arch
  • Temporal Bone
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13
Q

What is the function of the masseter?

A

Elevates the mandible (jaw closure) and plays a minor role in protraction

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14
Q

What is the function of the temporalis?

A

Elevates and retracts the mandible (jaw closure and retraction)

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15
Q

What is the function of the Medial Pterygoid?

A

Elevates the mandible (jaw closure) and contributes to protrusion. Aids in grinding movements for the teeth

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16
Q

What is the function of the Lateral Pterygoid?

A

Protracts (protrudes) the amndible and assists in opening the mouth; contributes to side-to-side movements of the jaw

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17
Q

What muscles open the mandible?

A

Inferior lateral pterygoids
Anterior digastrics
Mylohyoids

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18
Q

What muscles close the mandible?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoids

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19
Q

Which muscles create lateral excursions of the mandible?

A

Inferior lateral Pterygoids
Middle Temporalis
Posterior Temporalis

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20
Q

What is a cardinal feature of TMD?

A

TMJ joint noise

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21
Q

True or False: The Rhomboid adducts the scapula with the lower traps

A

True

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22
Q

Which muscles are the prime movers for upward rotation of the scapula?

A

Serratus anterior & Trapezius muscles

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23
Q

True or False: The Latissimus Dorsi attaches to the scapula and the humerus allowing it to adduct and depress the scapula and shoulder complex

A

True

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24
Q

What motions are in the glenohumeral joint?

A

Abduction
Extension
Rotation
Flexion

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25
Q

Is the scapula thoracic joint a “true” joint?

A

No

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26
Q

What are the movements of the scapula?

A

Protraction
Depression
Elevation

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27
Q

What are the SITS muscles?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

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28
Q

What are the SCM origin and insertion points?

A

Sternum
Clavicle
Mastoid Process

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29
Q

The AC joint is made up of what two structures?

A

The Acromion
The Clavicle

30
Q

What are the glenohumeral articulating surfaces?

A

The scapula
The humerus

31
Q

True or False: The radial head is surrounded by a rim and articulates with the spherical capitulum on the humerus.

A

True

32
Q

Which bone in the elbow has an hourglass-shaped trochlea?

A

The humerus

33
Q

What is the primary function of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) in the wrist?

A

Cushioning against compressive forces

34
Q

True or False: Supination is limited by the interosseous membrane and the bony impaction between the ulnar notch of the radius and the ulnar styloid process

A

True

35
Q

Which ligament extends from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the coronoid and olecranon processes of the ulna?

A

Medial collateral ligament

36
Q

Which muscle is a powerful flexor when the elbow is in 90-degree flexion?

A

Biceps brachii

37
Q

What condition is characterized by inflammation at the origin of the flexors of the wrist at the medial epicondyle?

A

Golfer’s elbow

38
Q

In elbow extension, which process enters the olecranon fossa?

A

Olecranon process

39
Q

True or False: The carrying angle is typically larger in men than in women

A

False - the carrying angle is typically smaller in men because they have smaller hips

40
Q

Which nerve roots are associated with the Achilles reflex?

A

S1, S2

41
Q

What does a positive Babinski sign indicate?

A

Upper motor neuron injury

42
Q

Which reflex is associated with L3, L4 nerve root?

A

Patellar reflex

43
Q

What is the characteristic response of an upper motor neuron lesion (UMNL)?

A

Hyperreflexia and spasticity

44
Q

What does the presence of clonus indicate?

A

Upper motor neuron lesion

45
Q

Which of the following is NOT a feature of lower motor neuron lesion (LMNL)?

A

Hypertonia

46
Q

What does the Hoffman’s relex test for?

A

Upper motor neuron lesion

47
Q

Which reflex is tested by striking the biceps tendon?

A

Biceps reflex

48
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of a monosynaptic reflex?

A

Involves a single synapse between sensory and motor neurons

49
Q

Which reflex involves the C8 nerve root?

A

Triceps reflex

50
Q

C4 injury can result in…?

A

Tetraplegia

51
Q

A T6 injury can result in…?

A

Paraplegia

52
Q

What is a 0 on the muscle grading scale?

A

No muscle contraction is detected

53
Q

What is a 1 on the muscle grading scale?

A

A trace contraction is noted in the muscle by palpating the muscle while the patient attempts to contract it

54
Q

What is a 2 on the muscle grading scale?

A

The patient is able to actively move the muscle when gravity is eliminated

55
Q

What is a 3 on the muscle grading scale?

A

The patient may move the muscle against gravity but not against resistance from the examiner

56
Q

What is a 4 on the muscle grading scale?

A

The patient may move the muscle group against some resistance from the examiner

57
Q

What is a 5 on the muscle grading scale?

A

The patient moves the muscle group and overcomes the resistance of the examiner. This is normal muscle strength

58
Q

Pinprick testing evaluates the sensation of pain which is mediated by (Large or Small?) unmyelinated or thinly myelinated nerve fibers that carry pain and temperature sensations?

A

Small

59
Q

Soft touch testing evaluates the sensation of light touch, which is mediated by (large or small?) myelinated nerve fibers that carry touch and proprioception sensations?

A

Large

60
Q

What is the primary purpose or neurological assessments?

A

To evaluate neurological disorders

61
Q

Reflex testing is used to evaluate the integrity of which type of pathways?

A

Reflex arcs

62
Q

Cranial nerve testing invovles evaluating the function of the twelve cranial nerves. True or False?

A

True

63
Q

What is a cranial nerve?

A

A nerve that emerges directly from the brain

64
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

An area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

65
Q

Does the brachial plexus supply the lower limbs?

A

No

66
Q

What is the clinical relevance of lumbosacral nerve testing?

A

Diagnosing conditions like sciatic and lumbar radiculopathy

67
Q

Does myotomal testing evaluate muscle groups supplied by specific spinal nerves?

A

Yes

68
Q

Which of the following is a common application of dermatological testing?

A

Detecting sensory loss or nerve damage

69
Q

How can neurological assessments enhance acupuncture practice?

A

By integrating Western and Eastern medicine perspectices to increase better patient outcomes

70
Q
A

Comps 1 Review (13 decks)

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