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NEW ANATOMY > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Artery and Vein Supplies and Drains Blood From the Kidney?

A

The Renal Artery and Renal Vein.

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2
Q

What is the Urinary System Made up of?

A

Two Kidneys, Two Ureters, One Urinary Bladder, and One Urethra.

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3
Q

How Does the Kidney Help Maintain Homeostasis?

A

It Manipulates the Composition of Blood Plasma.

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4
Q

What are the Main Processes of how the Kidneys Help Maintain Homeostasis?

A

Blood Filtration, Reabsorption, and Secretion.
Fluid Balance Regulation
Acid-Base Balance Regulation
Hormone Production
Blood Pressure Regulation.

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5
Q

What is Blood Filtration, Reabsorption, and Secretion?

A

Useful Substances From the Blood is Returned to Circulation, and Waste Products are Secreted into the Fluid that Becomes Urine.

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6
Q

What is Fluid Balance Regulation?

A

The Body Must have the Right Amount of Water in its Body, So the Amount of Urine Produced Depends on the Amount of Water it Contains.

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7
Q

What is Oliguria?

A

It is When Little Urine Passes Because the Body Needs to Conserve Water.

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8
Q

What is Diuresis?

A

It is When the Body Has Excess Water, and it Needs to Get Rid of It.

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9
Q

What is Anuria?

A

It is When There is No Urine that Can Pass.

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10
Q

What Controls the Amount of Water that is in Urine?

A

It is the Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or Aldosterone.

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11
Q

What is Acid-Based Regulation?

A

The Kidneys Remove Acidic Hydrogen and Basic Bicarbonate Ions From the Blood and Can Excrete them in Urine. It Helps Maintain Blood pH.

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12
Q

What is Hormone Production?

A

The Kidney Produces Hormones that Regulates the Release of Hormones from other Organs.

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13
Q

What are Two Specialized Cells Produced in the Kidneys?

A

Erythropoietin, Which is Needed for Red Blood Cell Production. It Also Produces Some Prostaglandins.

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14
Q

What is Blood Pressure Regulation?

A

The Kidneys Monitors Blood Pressure by Secreting a Hormone Called Renin is it Falls.

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15
Q

Where are the Kidneys Located?

A

They are Retroperitoneal to the Abdominal Cavity. As in, they are Outside the Parietal Peritoneum.

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16
Q

What is the Hilus?

A

It is the Indented Side on the Medial Side of the Kidney.

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17
Q

What Side Has the Blood and Lymph Vessels, Nerves, and Ureters Enter and Leave the Kidney?

A

The Hilus.

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18
Q

What is the Renal Pelvis?

A

It is a Urine Collection Chamber that Forms the Beginning of the Ureter.

19
Q

What is the Outer Portion of the Kidney Called?

A

The Renal Cortex.

20
Q

What is the Inner Portion Around the Renal Pelvis Called?

A

The Renal Medulla.

21
Q

What is the Nephron?

A

It is the Basic Functional Unit of the Kidney. It is the Smallest Part of the Kidney, and Can Carry out the Basic Functions.

22
Q

Where is the Renal Corpuscle?

A

It is in the Cortex of the Kidney. It is Made of Up of the Glomerulus and the Bowman’s Capsule.

23
Q

What is a Glomerulus?

A

It is a Tuft of Glomerular Capillaries.

24
Q

What is Bowman’s Capsule?

A

It is a Double-Walled Capsule that Surrounds the Glomerulus. The Inner Layer is Visceral.

25
Q

What is Interesting About Bowman’s Capsule Visceral Inner Layer?

A

It is Made up of Podocytes (Foot Cells) that Has Extensions that Cover the Glomerular Capillaries. There are Spaces Between the Cells and Capillaries, Where Fluid and Dissolved Substance Pass Through. The Space Through the Visceral and Parietal Layer is the Capsular Space.

26
Q

What is the Fluid that Comes From the Blood that is Filtered by the Renal Corpuscle?

A

Glomerular Filtrate (It then is Called Tubular Filtrate as it Reaches the Proximal Convoluted Tubule.)

27
Q

What is the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)?

A

It is the Continuation of the Capsular Space of the Bowman’s Capsule. It is the Longest Part of the Tubular System of the Nephron.

28
Q

What is the Loop of Henle?

A

It Continues From the PCT, then Descends Into the Medulla of the Kidney, then Heads Back to the Cortex.

29
Q

What is the Distal Convoluted Tubule?

A

It is the Continuation of the Ascending Part of the Loop of Henle. It is Not as Twisted as the PCT. It Empties into a Series of Tubules Called Collecting Ducts.

30
Q

What Do Collecting Ducts Carry?

A

Tubular Filtrate Through the Medulla into the Calyces, Which Lead to the Renal Pelvis. They are Also the Primary Site of Action of ADH.

31
Q

What is the Renal Artery?

A

It Branches off the Abdominal Portion of Aorta. It Enters the Kidney at the Hilus.

32
Q

What is the Afferent Glomerular Arterioles?

A

They Carry Blood into the Glomerular Capillaries of the Renal Corpuscle.

33
Q

What are Glomerular Capillaries?

A

They are a Continuation of the Afferent Arterioles. They Filter out Some of the Plasma From the Blood, Which Enters the Capsular Space of Bowman’s Capsule. It is there Known as the Glomerular Filtrate.

34
Q

What are Efferent Glomerular Arterioles?

A

They Divide into a Network of Capillaries that Surround the Rest of the Nephron. These are Known as Peritubular Capillaries.

35
Q

What are Peritubular Capillaries?

A

They Surround the Nephron Converge to Form Venules that in Turn Converge to Form Large Veins that then Become the Renal Vein.

36
Q

What is the Renal Vein?

A

It Leaves the Kidney at the Hilus and Joins the Abdominal Portion of the Caudal Vena Cava. The Blood in the Rena Veins is the Purest in the Body.

37
Q

What are Fenestrations?

A

They are Pores in the Capillary Endothelium. They Allow Fluid to Leave the Bloodstream. The Fluid is Also Known as Glomerular Filtrate.

38
Q

What Does the Term Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Mean?

A

It is to Describe How Fast Plasma is Filtered as it Passes Through the Glomerulus.

39
Q

What is Sodium Cotransport?

A

Glucose and Amino Acids Attach to the Same Protein as Sodium Ions and Follow the Sodium into the Epithelial Cell by Passive Transport.

40
Q

What is Tubular Secretion?

A

The Body Transfers Waste Products From the Peritubular Capillaries to the Interstitial Fluid to the Tubular Epithelial Cells an into the Tubular Filtrate in the Tubules.

41
Q

What is Polyuria?

A

If ADH is Absent, the Water will be Lost in the Urine. This Causes Increased Urine Volume, Which is Polyuria.

42
Q

What is the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System?

A

It Responds to Falling Blood Pressure and Brings it Back Up to Normal.

43
Q

What is the Ureter?

A

It is a Tube that Exits the Kidney at the Hilus and Connects to the Urinary Bladder Near the Neck of the Bladder at the Caudal End.

NEW ANATOMY (12 decks)

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