Urinary Questions Flashcards
List the Three Steps Involved in Performing a Urinalysis.
1.) A Gross Examination of the Physical Properties of the Sample.
2.) A Chemical Analysis of Substances Dissolved in Urine.
3.) A Microscopic Examination of the Solid Components in the Urine.
What are the Six Structures that Make up the Urinary System.
The Right and Left Kidney, the Right and Left Ureter, the Urinary Bladder, and the Urethra.
Nitrogenous Waste Materials from Protein Breakdown are Eliminated from the Body Primarily as What?
It is Primarily Urea.
Name One Hormone Whose Release is Regulated by the Kidney, One Hormone that Directly Affects Kidney Function, and One Hormone Produced by the Kidney.
ADH and Aldosterone, is Influenced by Kidneys, and is Affected by it too. Kidneys Produce Erythropoietin
What is the Difference Between the Hilus of the Kidney and the Renal Pelvis?
The Hilus is Where the Blood and Lymph Vessels, Nerves, and Ureters Enter and Leave the Kidney. The Renal Pelvis is a Collection Chamber that Forms at the Beginning of the Ureter.
What is the Term Retroperitoneal?
It is Located Behind the Peritoneum.
List, in Order, the Parts of the Nephron. Indicate Whether Each Specific Part is Found in the Cortex or the Medulla of the Kidney.
It is Composed of:
A Renal Corpuscle, in the Cortex of the Kidney.
A Proximal Convoluted Tubule, Also in the Cortex.
A Loop of Henle, Which Descends into the Medulla of the Kidney, then Makes a U-Turn Back into the Cortex.
A Distal Convoluted Tubule, Also in the Cortex.
What is the Difference Between Glomerular Filtrate and Tubular Filtrate?
Glomerular Filtrate are Small Molecules in the Blood that Can Fit Through Fenestrations in the Glomerulus.
Tubular Filtrate is in the Loop of Henle, and Hydrogen, Ammonium, or Potassium Ions are Secreted From the Filtrate.
What is the Function of the Brush Border on the Epithelial Cells of the Proximal Convoluted Tubule?
They are Cuboidal, and it Increases the Cellular Surface Area Exposed to the Fluid in the Tubule by a Factor of About 20. It is Important for Reabsorption and Secretion.
How Does Blood in the Efferent Glomerular Arteriole Differ From the Blood in the Afferent Glomerular Arteriole?
The Blood Pressure in the Efferent Glomerular Arteriole is Higher Since the Diameter is Smaller.
How Does ADH Deficiency Affect Urine Volume? What is the Mechanism?
Water Cannot Move Through the DCT and Collecting Duct Unless there is Enough ADH Control. So there is Very Little Urine Passing Through.
What is the Mechanism by Which Glucose and Amino Acids are reabsorbed Out of the Proximal Convoluted Tubule into the Body?
It is the Glomerular Filtrate.
Explain the Concept of the Renal Threshold of Glucose.
There is a Limited Amount of Glucose that Can be Reabsorbed by the PCT. The Excess is Lost in Urine.
Explain Why Proteinuria Occurs in Renal Failure.
Proteinuria is the Presence of Protein in the Urine. In Renal Failure, the Fenestrations Become Larger and Allow Larger Molecules Such as Proteins to Pass into the Tubular Filtrate.
Why are Clinical Signs of Renal Failure Not Observed Until the Disease Process is Advanced?
The Kidney Compensates for Nephron Destruction until Enough Nephrons are are Lost and it Can No Longer Filter the Blood Enough to Remove Unwanted Toxins.
