Digestion Questions

Question 1

What is the Primary Diet of a Carnivore, an Omnivore and an Herbivore?

Answer 1

Carnivore: Meat.
Omnivore: Meat and Plants.
Herbivore: Plants.

Question 2

What are Two Species of an Animal that Require Microbial Fermentation to Digest their Food?

Answer 2

Horses and Cattle.

Question 3

What is the Purpose of Stratified Squamous Epithelium that Lines Much of the GI Tract?

Answer 3

It Provides Protection.

Question 4

How Many Layers of Muscle Make Up the Muscular Layer of the Wall of the Intestines?

Answer 4

Two Layers of Muscle, an Inner Circular and an Outer Longitudinal One.

Question 5

What are the Two Nerve Plexuses that Make up the Intrinsic Enteric Nervous System?

Answer 5

The Submucosal Plexus and the Myenteric Plexus.

Question 6

What are the Two Parts of the Roof of the Mouth?

Answer 6

The Hard and Soft Palate.

Question 7

The Part of the Tooth that Sticks Above the Gum Line is the ___. It is Covered with ___.

Answer 7

The Crown. With Enamel.

Question 8

What Substance Makes Up the Bulk of a Tooth?

Answer 8

Dentin.

Question 9

The Inside of a Tooth that Faces the Tongue is the __ Surface.

Answer 9

The Lingual and Palatal.

Question 10

Where is the Occlusal (Masticatory) Surface of a Tooth?

Answer 10

It is on the Upper and Lower Teeth that Come Together When the Mouth is Closed.

Question 11

What Type of Tooth Will Continue to Grow Throughout the Life of an Animal?

Answer 11

Hypsodont Teeth.

Question 12

What are the Four Types of Teeth that Make up Heterodont Dentition?

Answer 12

Incisors, Canine, Premolars, and Molars.

Question 13

What Numeric System is Used to Assign a Specific Number to Each Tooth in the Mouth?

Answer 13

The Triadan System.

Question 14

The Majority of the Tongue is Made Up of What Type of Tissue?

Answer 14

Cornified Stratified Squamous Epithelium.

Question 15

Besides Water, List Three Substances Found in Saliva.

Answer 15

Protein, Electrolytes, Antibodies, Glycoproteins, Salivary Bicarbonate, Lysozyme, and Amylase.

Question 16

What are Three Primary Salivary Glands in a Dog?

Answer 16

The Zygomatic, Parotid, Sublingual, and Mandibular.

Question 17

What Does TMJ Mean?

Answer 17

The Temporomandibular Joint, a Condyle Joint.

Question 18

When Speaking of the Movement of the Mandible, What is Translation?

Answer 18

The Movement of the Mandible to the Side (Laterally) and Forward (Rostrally).

Question 19

What is the Structure that Covers the Opening of the Trachea When an Animal is Swallowing Food.

Answer 19

The Cardiac Sphincter (?)

Question 20

How Many Muscle Layers are Found in the Esophagus?

Answer 20

Two Layers, the Inner Circular Layer and the Outer Longitudinal Layer.

Question 21

What is the Proper Medical Term for the Throat?

Answer 21

The Pharynx.

Question 22

What Happens During Prehension? During Deglutination? During Mastication?

Answer 22

Prehension is Bringing Food into the Mouth.
During Deglutination, the Food is Swallowed from the Oral Cavity to the Stomach.
During Mastication, the Food is Chewed.

Question 23

Which of the Three Phase of Swallowing is Under Conscious Control?

Answer 23

It is the First Phase.

Question 24

What is the Name of the Pattern of Muscular Contractions and Dilations that Moves Food Forward Through the Esophagus and Other Parts of the Digestive System?

Answer 24

Peristalsis.

Question 25

The Serous Membrane that Covers the Organs of the Abdominal Cavity is the ___.

Answer 25

Visceral Peritoneum.

Question 26

The Connecting Peritoneum that Links the Stomach to the Abdominal Wall is the ___.

Answer 26

The Omentum.

Question 27

Semiliquid, Partially Digested Food that Leaves the Stomach and Enters the Duodenum is ___.

Answer 27

Chyme.

Question 28

What are the Four Sections of a Monogastric Stomach?

Answer 28

The Fundus, the Body, the Pyloric Antrum, and the Duodenum.

Question 29

What Proteolytic Enzyme in the Stomach Begins Protein Digestion?

Answer 29

Pepsin.

Question 30

What Three Actions Result From Acetylcholine Release During the Cephalic Phase of Gastric Secretion?

Answer 30

It Causes Parietal Cells to Secrete Hydrogen and Chloride Ions and the Chief Cells to Secrete Pepsinogen into the Stomach and G Cells to Secret Gastrin into the Bloodstream.

Question 31

Which Neurotransmitter, Released by Sympathetic Neurons, Causes a Reduction in the Frequency of Smooth Muscle Contractions in the Stomach?

Answer 31

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide.

Question 32

What Part of the Monogastric Stomach Increases in Size to Accommodate a Large Meal?

Answer 32

The Fundus.

Question 33

What Nerve Can Elicit opposite Types of Gastric Movement Through the Release of Different Neurotransmitters in the Myenteric Plexus?

Answer 33

The Vagus Nerve.

Question 34

List Three Conditions in the Duodenum that Can Decrease the Rate of Gastric Emptying.

Answer 34

The Presence of Chyme, High Concentrations of Peptide or Fat Breakdown Products, Osmolarity of Chyme, and/or Low Chyme pH.

Question 35

What are Two Types of Digestion that Take Place in the Stomach?

Answer 35

Luminal and Membranous Chemical Digestion.

Question 36

Repeating Units of Monosaccharides Make Up ___.

Answer 36

Carbohydrates Such as Glucose, Galactose, and Fructose.