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Medical Terminology 1 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Small artery.

A

arteriole

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2
Q

Active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney.

A

calciferol

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3
Q

Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis. Comes from the Greek kalux meaning a cup or case surrounding a flower bud.

A

calyx or calix (plural calyces or calices)

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4
Q

Tube for injecting or removing fluids. A bladder _____ drains urine from the bladder.

A

catheter

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5
Q

Outer region of an organ; the renal _____ is the outer region of the kidney.

A

cortex

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6
Q

Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. A product of muscle metabolism. _____ clearance is a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) it from the blood.

A

creatinine

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7
Q

Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. They are necessary for the functioning of muscles and nerves. Examples are potassium and sodium.

A

electrolytes

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8
Q

Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells. Stimulates red blood cell production by bone marrow and thus increases the amount of oxygen delivered to muscles. Enhances athletic endurance, and use of it is considered blood doing and is banned.

A

erythropoietin (EPO)

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9
Q

Process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter.

A

filtration

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10
Q

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. Also known as Bowman capsule and collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.

A

glomerular capsule

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11
Q

Tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney.

A

glomerulus (plural glomeruli)

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12
Q

Depression in the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. It comes from the Latin meaning a small thing. It is also used in the respiratory system to mark the depression in the lung where blood vessels, bronchus, and lymphatic vessels enter and leave.

A

hilum

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13
Q

One of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region. It filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.

A

kidney

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14
Q

Opening or canal.

A

meatus

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15
Q

Inner region of an organ.

A

medulla

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16
Q

Functional unit of the kidney. It is the combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption and secretion take place in the kidney. Each one is capable of forming urine by itself. There are about 1 million in a kidney.

A

nephron

17
Q

Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine. Examples are urea, uric acid, and creatinine.

A

nitrogenous waste

18
Q

Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. Essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.

A

potassium

19
Q

Process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.

A

reabsorption

20
Q

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney.

A

renal artery

21
Q

Central collecting region in the kidney.

A

renal pelvis

22
Q

Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.

A

renal tubule

23
Q

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart.

A

renal vein

24
Q

Enzyme secreted by the kidney. It raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction.

A

renin

25
Q

Electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys. It is needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions.

A

sodium

26
Q

Triangular area in the urinary bladder.

A

trigone

27
Q

Major nitrogenous waste secreted in urine.

A

urea

28
Q

One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

A

ureter

29
Q

Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

A

urethra

30
Q

Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.

A

uric acid

31
Q

Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.

A

urinary bladder

32
Q

Process of expelling urine; also called micturition.

A

urination (voiding)

Medical Terminology 1 (23 decks)

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