Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology 1 > Classes of Drugs > Flashcards

Classes of Drugs Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

A drug that lessens pain.

A

analgesic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Potent analgesics derived from opium.

A

narcotics or opioids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Non-narcotic analgesics which reduce fever, pain, and inflammation by acting on tissues to inhibit prostaglandins. Not steroid hormones.

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hormone-like substances that sensitize peripheral pain receptors.

A

prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Agent that reduces or eliminates sensation.

A

anesthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Drugs that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

A

antimicrobials (antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and antiprotozoans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Drugs that prevent clotting (coagulation) of the blood.

A

anticoagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A natural anticoagulant purified from pig intestine or bovine lung. It is found in white blood cells.

A

heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A chemically synthesized anticoagulant.

A

warfarin (Coumadin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Drug that dissolves clots and is used to open vessels after myocardial infarction.

A

tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Direct-acting oral anticoagulant drugs that greatly reduce the risk of stroke. Examples are apixaban (Eliquis), dabigatran (Pradaxa), and rivaroxaban (Xarelto).

A

DOACs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Drugs that reduce the tendency of platelets to stick together.

A

antiplatelet drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prevents or reduces the frequency of convulsions in various types of seizure disorders or epilepsy.

A

anticonvulsants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treat symptoms of depression by elevating mood, increasing physical activity and mental alertness, and improving appetite and sleep patterns. Many are also mild sedatives.

A

antidepressants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Used to test symptoms of Alzheimer disease by aiding brain neurotransmitters (acetylcholine) or shielding brain cells from glutamate, a neurotransmitter that at high levels contributes to death of brain cells.

A

anti-Alzheimer drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Used to treat diabetes mellitus.

A

antidiabetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Antidiabetics that lower the levels of glucose in the blood by stimulating the production of insulin.

A

sulfonylureas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Antidiabetics that increase the body’s sensitivity to insulin and reduce the production of glucose by the liver.

A

biguanides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Antidiabetics that temporarily block enzymes that digest sugars.

A

alpha-glucose inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Antidiabetics that enhance glucose uptake into tissues.

A

thiazolidinediones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Antidiabetics that stimulate the beta cells in the pancreas to produce insulin.

A

meglitinides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Antidiabetics that inhibit an enzyme so that cells make more insulin when glucose levels are high.

A

DPP4 inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Antidiabetics that cause the body to excrete glucose in the urine.

A

SGLT2 inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Antidiabetics that stimulate cells in the pancreas to make and release insulin. They last longer in the bloodstream and are injected once a week.

A

non-insulin injectable medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Device strapped to the patient’s waist that periodically delivers the desired amount of insulin through a subcutaneous needle inserted in the abdomen.

A

insulin pump

26
Q

Block the action of histamine, which is normally released in the body in allergic reactions.

A

antihistamines

27
Q

Dyspnea, hypotension, and lots of consciousness that can occur in severe allergic reactions.

A

anaphylactic shock

28
Q

Prevention of nausea.

A

antiemetic

29
Q

Antiosteoporosis drugs that prevent bone loss.

A

bisphosphonates

30
Q

Antiosteoporosis drugs that are hormone-like and increase bone formation.

A

selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)

31
Q

Helps the heart pump more forcefully in heart failure.

A

digoxin (Lanoxin)

32
Q

Dilate blood vessels to lower blood pressure, improve the performance of the heart, and reduce its workload. Prevent the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II, which is a powerful vasopressor. Reduce the risk of heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and death even if a patient is not hypertensive.

A

angiotensin-convertine enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

33
Q

Lower blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in the blood vessels. They are used in patients who do not tolerate ACE inhibitors.

A

angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

34
Q

Treat abnormal heart rhythms by slowing the response of the heart muscle to nerve stimulation or slow the rate at which impulses are carried throughout the heart.

A

antiarrhythmics

35
Q

Slow heart rate, decrease output of the heart, and reduce blood pressure by blocking the action of epinephrine at receptor sites in the heart muscle and in blood vessels.

A

beta blockers

36
Q

Dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure and are used to treat arrhythmias. They inhibit the entry of calcium (necessary for blood vessel contraction) into the muscles of the heart and blood vessels.

A

calcium channel blockers

37
Q

Made from digitalis (foxglove plant). These drugs increase the force of contraction of the heart and are used to treat heart failure and atrial fibrillation.

A

cardiac glycosides

38
Q

Bind to dietary cholesterol and prevent its uptake from the gastrointestinal tract.

A

cholesterol-binding drugs

39
Q

statins block the formation of cholesterol in the liver and treat hypercholesterolemia (high levels of cholesterol in the blood), which is a major factor in the development of heart disease.

A

cholesterol-lowering drugs

40
Q

Reduce the volume of blood in the body by promoting the kidney to remove water and salt through urine (diuresis). They treat hypertension and congestive heart failure.

A

diuretics

41
Q

Normally made by the testes and adrenal glands, are used for male hormone replacement and to treat endometriosis and anemia

A

androgens

42
Q

Interfere with the production of androgens or with their binding in tissues. Prescribed for prostate cancer.

A

antiandrogens

43
Q

Female hormones normally produced by the ovaries, that are used for symptoms associated with menopause and to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis.

A

estrogen

44
Q

Reduce the amount of estrogen (estradiol) in the blood and are effective against breast cancer. They work by decreasing the amount of estrogen in fatty tissue.

A

aromatase inhibitors

45
Q

Prescribed for another uterine bleeding caused by hormonal imbalance and, together with estrogen, in hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptives.

A

progestins

46
Q

A thyroid hormone used to treat osteoporosis by increasing calcium in the blood and promoting bone deposition.

A

calcitonin

47
Q

Prescribed for reduction of inflammation and a wide range of other disorders, including arthritis, severe skin and allergic conditions, respiratory and blood disorders, gastrointestinal ailments, and malignant conditions.

A

glucocorticoids (adrenal corticosteroids)

48
Q

Neutralize the hydrochloric acid in the stomach to relieve symptoms of peptic ulcer, esophagitis, and reflux.

A

antacids

49
Q

Block secretion of acid by cells in the lining of the stomach and are prescribed for patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers and GERD.

A

antiulcer drugs

50
Q

Relieve diarrhea and decrease the rapid movement (peristalsis) in the muscular walls is the colon.

A

antidiarrheal drugs

51
Q

Relieve constipation and promote defecation for diagnostic and operative procedures and are used to treat disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

A

cathartics

52
Q

Mild cathartics.

A

laxatives

53
Q

Strong cathartics.

A

purgatives

54
Q

Relieve nausea and vomiting and overcome vertigo, dizziness, motion sickness, and similar symptoms due to labyrinthitis (inflammation of the inner ear).

A

antinauseants (antiemetics)

55
Q

Used to treat autoimmune diseases such as Crohn’s. Also used against rheumatoid arthritis.

A

anti-TNF (tumor necrosis factor)

56
Q

Prescribed for the treatment of asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis).

A

respiratory drugs

57
Q

Open bronchial tubes and are administered by injection or aerosol inhalers.

A

bronchodilators

58
Q

Medications that depress the central nervous system and promote drowsiness and sleep.

A

sedative-hypnotics

59
Q

Influence the part of the brain responsible for emotions. Low doses may act as sedatives.

A

benzodiazepines

60
Q

Drugs that act on the brain to speed up vital processes (heart and respiration) in cases of shock and collapse.

A

stimulants

61
Q

Useful for controlling anxiety.

A

tranquilizers

Medical Terminology 1 (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions