Digestive Pathology Flashcards
Lack of appetite.
anorexia
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.
ascites
Rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract.
borborygmi (singular borborygmus)
Difficulty in passing stools (feces).
constipation
Persistent constipation without an identifiable cause.
chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC)
Frequent passage of loose, watery stools.
diarrhea
Difficulty in swallowing.
dysphagia
Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth.
eructation
Gas expelled through the anus.
flatus
Passage of bright, red blood from the rectum.
hematochezia
Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia).
jaundice (icterus)
Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood.
melena
Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit.
nausea
Fat in the feces.
steatorrhea
Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers.
aphthous stomatitus
Tooth decay.
dental caries
Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus.
herpetic stomatitus
White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth.
oral leukoplakia
Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone.
periodontal disease
Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax.
achalasia
Malignant tumor of the esophagus.
esophageal cancer
Swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus.
esophageal varices
Increased pressure in veins near and around the liver.
portal hypertension
Malignant tumor of the stomach.
gastric cancer
Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach.
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it.
hernia
Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum.
peptic ulcer
Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus.
anal fistula
Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon.
colonic polyps
Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both.
colorectal cancer
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract.
Crohn disease (Crohn’s)
Abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon.
diverticulosis
Painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection.
dysentery
Swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region.
hemorrhoids
Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines.
ileus
Inflammation of the colon and small intestine (ex: Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis).
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Telescoping of intestines.
intussusception
Group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation) without structural abnormalities in the intestines.
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers.
ulcerative colitis
Twisting of the intestine on itself.
volvulus
Gallstones in the gallbladder.
cholelithiasis
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver.
cirrhosis
Liver cancer.
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Malignant tumor of the pancreas.
pancreatic cancer
Inflammation of the pancreas.
pancreatitis
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus.
vital hepatitis
