Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the discovery, properties, and uses of drugs.

A

pharmacology

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2
Q

The study of new drug synthesis and the relationship between chemical structure and biologic effects.

A

medicinal chemistry

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3
Q

The study of a drug’s effect on its target in the body.

A

pharmacodynamics

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4
Q

The study of a drug’s absorption, distribution into body compartments, metabolism, and excretion over a period of time.

A

pharmacokinetics

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5
Q

Involves the interaction of drugs and subcellular entities, such as DNA, RNA, and enzymes.

A

molecular pharmacology

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6
Q

The study of drugs that destroy microorganisms, parasites, or malignant cells within the body. Includes treatment of infectious diseases and cancer.

A

chemotherapy

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7
Q

The study of the harmful effects of drugs and chemicals on the body. Also concerned with finding proper antidotes to any harmful effects of drugs.

A

toxicology

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8
Q

Substances that prevent or reverse the unwanted effects of drugs.

A

antidotes

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9
Q

Specifies the exact chemical makeup of the drug. Often long and complicated.

A

chemical name

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10
Q

Identifies the drug legally and scientifically. Typically shorter and less complicated.

A

generic name

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11
Q

The private property of the individual drug manufacturer, and no competitor may use it. Also called trade name.

A

brand name

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12
Q

Entity with the legal responsibility for deciding whether a drug may be distributed and sold. Has strict standards for efficacy, safety, and purity.

A

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

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13
Q

Independent committee of physicians, pharmacologists, pharmacists, and manufacturers which reviews the available commercial drugs and continually reappraises their effectiveness in specific medical conditions.

A

United States Pharmacopeia (USP)

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14
Q

Large reference listing of drugs which gives information about the characteristics of drugs and their clinical usage as approved by that particular hospital.

A

hospital formulary

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15
Q

Large reference listing of drugs published by a private firm, and drug manufacturers pay to have their products listed.

A

Physicians’ Desk Reference (PDR)

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16
Q

Specific target of a drug interaction.

A

receptor

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17
Q

Amount of drug administered, usually measured in milligrams or grams.

18
Q

Exact timing and frequency of drug administration.

19
Q

If the combination of two drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each.

A

additive action

20
Q

If two drugs give less than an additive effect.

A

antagonistic

21
Q

If a combination of two drugs causes an effect greater than the sum of the individual effects of the drugs when given alone.

22
Q

A desired and beneficial effect of a drug.

23
Q

If the effects of a given dose diminish as treatment continues. A feature of addiction.

24
Q

The physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug. Involves the presence of clearly unpleasant effects when that drug or other agent such as a narcotic is stopped.

25
Drugs such as opioids or narcotics that produce dependence and have potential for abuse or addiction.
controlled substances
26
Any unexpected and uncommon side effect that develops after administration of a drug.
idiosyncracy
27
Produced by treatment.
iatrogenic
28
Unpleasant effects that routinely result from the use of a drug. Often occur with the usual therapeutic dosage of a drug and generally are tolerable and receive when the drug is discontinued.
side effects
29
Factors in a patient's condition that make the use of a particular drug dangerous and ill-advised.
contraindications
30
The loss of effectiveness of a drug. It is seen when drugs are unable to control the disease process in a particular patient. Results from an important mutation in the disease being treated.
drug resistance
31
Drugs given by mouth and slowly dissolved and then absorbed into the bloodstream through the stomach or intestinal wall. Slow and depends on the drug's ability to pass through the internal wall.
oral administration
32
Drugs placed under the tongue to dissolve in the saliva. Some drugs may be absorbed rapidly this way.
sublingual administration
33
Suppositories and aqueous solutions are inserted into the rectum. Useful when oral administration presents difficulties (such as vomiting).
rectal administration
34
Injection of drug from a syringe through a hollow needle. Several types.
parenteral administration
35
Injection made into a body cavity.
intracavitary instillation
36
Shallow injection made into the upper lateral is the skin and used curly in skin testing for allergic reactions.
intradermal injection
37
Small hypodermic needle is introduced into the subcutaneous tissue under the skin, usually on the upper arm, thigh, or abdomen.
subcutaneous (hypodermic) injection (subQ)
38
The buttock or upper arm is the usual site for this infection into muscle. Gives rapid absorption of single doses of drugs, but is inconvenient for continuous drug dosing.
intramuscular injection (IM)
39
Instillation into the space under the membranes (meninges) surrounding the spinal cord and brain.
intrathecal instillation
40
Injection given directly into a vein. Used when an immediate effect is desired or when there is poor absorption into the bloodstream after oral administration.
intravenous injection (IV)
41
Vapors taken into the nose or mouth are absorbed into the bloodstream through the thin walls of air sacs in the lungs.
inhalation
42
Drugs are applied locally in the skin or mucous membranes of the body.
topical application