Urinary System

Question 1

The urinary system consists of _________ (4).

Answer 1

1. Paired kidneys
2. Ureters
3. Bladder
4. Urethra

Question 2

This system’s primary role is to ensure optimal properties of the blood, which the kidneys continuously monitor.

Answer 2

Urinary system

Question 3

It refers to a protease secreted into the blood that helps regulate blood pressure by cleaving circulating angiotensinogen to angiotensin I.

Answer 3

Renin

Question 4

Tip of each pyramid that projects into a minor calyx that collects urine formed by tubules in one renal lobe.

Answer 4

Renal Papilla

Question 5

Functional unit of the kidney

Answer 5

Nephron

Question 6

An initial dilated part enclosing a tuft of capillary loops and the site of blood filtration, always located in the cortex.

Answer 6

Renal corpuscle

Question 7

A short final part linking the nephron to collecting ducts.

Answer 7

Connecting tubule

Question 8

Complex epithelial cells in the visceral layer of the renal corpuscle capsule which cover each capillary.

Answer 8

Podocytes

Question 9

Slit-like spaces between interdigitating processes.

Answer 9

Pedicels

Question 10

Between the two capsular layers, this receives the fluid filtered through the capillary wall and the visceral layer.

Answer 10

Capsular (urinary) space

Question 11

A function of the renal corpuscle by which water and soluted in the blood leave the vascular space and enter the lumen of the nephron

Answer 11

filtration

Question 12

A function of the renal corpuscle by which substances move from epithelial cells of the tubules into the lumens, usually after uptake from the surrounding intersttitium and capillaries

Answer 12

secretion

Question 13

A function of the renal corpuscle by which substances move from the tubular lumen across the epithelium into the interstitium and surrounding capillaries

Answer 13

reabsorption

Question 14

These resemble vascular pericytes in having contractile properties and producing components of an external lamina.

Answer 14

Mesangial cells

Question 15

Fills interstices between capillaries that lack podocytes.

Answer 15

Mesangium

Question 16

These provide physical support of capillaries within the glomerulus.

Answer 16

Mesangial cells

Question 17

Mesangial cells provide adjusted contractions in response to blood pressure changes which help maintain an __________.

Answer 17

optimal filtration rate

Question 18

Macrophage of the kidney

Answer 18

mesangial cells

Question 19

This fills most of the cortex of which is specialized for both reabsorption and secretion.

Answer 19

Proximal convulated tubule

Question 20

A U-shaped structure with a thin descending limb and a thin ascending limb.

Answer 20

Loop of Henle

Question 21

A tubule with no brush border and more empty lumens.

Answer 21

Distal convulated tubule

Question 22

Composed mainly of pale-staining columnar principal cells with few organelles, sparse microvilli, and unusually distinct cell boundaries

Answer 22

Collecting ducts

Question 23

Important for reabsorption of water that are integral membrane proteins that serve as channels in the transfer of water, and in some cases, small solutes across the membrane.

Answer 23

aquaporins

Question 24

Final site of water reabsorption from the filtrate

Answer 24

Medullary collecting ducts

Question 25

These detect a change in arterial pressure (increase/decrease).

Answer 25

juxtaglomerular cells

Question 26

A vasoconstrictor which help constrict the capillaris in the glomerulus and also trigger the adrenal glands to produce aldosterone.

Answer 26

Angiotensin II

Question 27

It promotes sodium and water absorption in the distal convulated and connecting tubules which raises the blood volume to help increase blood pressure.

Answer 27

Aldosterone

Question 28

Conducts urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder.

Answer 28

Ureter

Question 29

Distensible reservoir for urine

Answer 29

urinary bladder

Question 30

Fibromuscular tube that conveys urine from the urinary bladder to the exterior through the external urethral office

Answer 30

Urethra