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Histology Lecture > Lymphoid Organs > Flashcards

Lymphoid Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Provides defense or immunity against infectious agents ranging from viruses to multicellular parasites

A

immune system

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2
Q

Preesixting nonspecific defense that involves immediate and nonspecific actions

A

innate immunity

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3
Q

Natural killer cells that destroy various unhealthy host cells including those infected with virus or bacteria as well as certain potentially tumorigenic cells

A

Phagocytes

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4
Q

Specific type of immunity that is acquired gradually by exposure to microorganisms; slower to respond

A

adaptive immunity

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5
Q

These are derived from monocytes that become activated against specific invaders by being presented with specific molecules from those cells by APCs

A

B & T lymphocytes

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6
Q

aimed at specific microbial invaders and involve production of memory lymphocytes

A

adaptive immune responses

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7
Q

A response that involves antibody production

A

humoral

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8
Q

A response that involves cytotoxic elimination via CDB

A

Cellular

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9
Q

A molecule recognized by cells of the adaptive immune system and typically elicits a response from these cells

A

antigen

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10
Q

A glycoprotein of the immunoglobalin family that interacts with an antigenic determinant that is secreted by plasma cells in response to antigen

A

antibodies

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11
Q

Assist immune responses by producing cytokines that promote differentiation of B cells into plasma cells

A

helper t cells

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12
Q

activate macrophages to become phagocytic, activate cytotoxic lymphocytes, and induce many parts of an inlammatory reaction

A

helper t cells

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13
Q

represents cellmediated immunity

A

cytotoxic t lymphocytes

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14
Q

allowing immune tolerance, maintaining unresponsiveness to self-antigens and suppressing excessive immune responses

A

regulatory cells

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15
Q

acts to supplement the central tolerance that develops in the thymus

A

peripheral tolerance

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16
Q

Group of cells, tissues, and organs that monitor body surfaces and internal fluid compartments and react to the presence of potentially harmful substances

A

lymphoid organs

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17
Q

primary or central lymphoid organ in which T cells are produced

A

thymus

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18
Q

Its main function is the induction of central tolerance, which along with regulatory T cells prevents autoimmunity

A

thymus

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19
Q

A potent source of cytokine which is necessary for the maturation and differentiation of T lymphocyte

A

Thymic or Hassall’s corpuscles

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20
Q

Provide a framework for the developing t cells

A

epithelioreticular cells

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21
Q

Epithelioretricular Cell:

functions as a barrier that isolates developing T cells from the connective tissue of the organ

A

type 1

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22
Q

Epithelioretricular Cell:

express MHC and MHC II molecules, which are involved in thymic cell education

A

Type II

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23
Q

Epithelioretricular Cell:

Functional barrier, possess MHC I and MHC II molecules

A

Type III

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24
Q

Epithelioretricular Cell:

They create the barrier at the corticomedullary junction

A

Type IV

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25
Q

Epithelioretricular Cell:

Provide the cellular framework of the medulla and to compartmentalize groups of lymphocytes

A

Type V

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26
Q

Epithelioretricular Cell:

form the most characteristic feature of the thymic medulla, the thymic (Hassall’s) corpuscles

A

Type VI

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27
Q

Protects developing lymphocytes in the thymus from exposure to antigens

A

Blood thymus barrier

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28
Q

Thymus has an ________ lymph vessel but no __________ lymph vessel so as to protect the developing lymphocytes from exposure to external antigens.

A

efferent and afferent respectively

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29
Q

Occurs in the cortex and allows survival only of T cells with functional TCRs recognizing MHC Class I and class II molecules

A

Positive selection

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30
Q

occurs in the medulla and allows survival only of T cells that do not tightly bind self-antigens presented on dendritic cells there

A

Negative selection

31
Q

The ff. are secondary lymhoid structures where most lymphocytes are activated by antigen presentation, except

A. MALT
B. Lymph nodes
C. Spleen
D. AOTA
E. NOTA

A

E. NOTA

32
Q

Discrete concentrations of lymphocytes contained in a meshwork of retricular cells

A

Lymphatic nodules

33
Q

A lymphatic nodule consisting chiefly of small lymphocytes

A

Primary nodule

34
Q

Contains large immature lymphocytes (lymphoblasts and plasmablasts)

A

Germinal center

35
Q

A morphologic indication of lymphatic tissue response to antigen

A

Germinal center

36
Q

Develops when a lymphocyte that has recognized an antigen returns to a primary nodule and undergoes proliferation

A

Germinal center

37
Q

Its presence represent a cascade of events that includes activation and proliferation of lymphocytes, differentiation of plasma cells and antibody production

A

Germinal center

38
Q

Large, irregular masses of lymphoid tissue in the mucosa of the posterior oral cavity and nasopharynx where their cells encounter antigens entering the mouth and nose

A

Tonsils

39
Q

Deep invaginations in which the epithelial lining is densely infiltrated with lymphocytes and other leukocytes

A

Tonsillar crypts

40
Q

Inflammation of the tonsils

A

tonsillitis

41
Q

Identify the type of tonsil being referred to:

Stratified squamous epithelium; continuous w/ esophagus

A

Palatine tonsils

42
Q

Identify the type of tonsil being referred to:

Covered by stratified squamous epithelium; lack distinct capsules; near the oral cavity

A

Lingual tonsils

43
Q

Identify the type of tonsil being referred to:

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, and has a thin underlying capsule, lacks crypts; near w/ oropharynx and continuous with the respiratory tract

A

Pharyngeal tonsils

44
Q

Consist of numerous aggregations of lymphatic nodules containing T and B lymphocytes

A

Peyer Patches

45
Q

A short, small diameter projection from the cecum with which the lamina propia is heavily infiltrated w/ lymphocytes and contains numerous lymphatic nodules

A

Vermiform appendix

46
Q

bean-shaped, encapsulated structures distributed throughout the body along the lymphatic vessels

A

Lymph node

47
Q

T or F. Lymph nodes are present along the major vessels of the neck and in the thorax and abdomen but not in the axillae (armpits) or groin.

A

False. Lymph nodes are present in the axillae (armpits) and groin, along the major vessels of the neck, and in the thorax and abdomen, and especially in the visceral mesenteries

48
Q

Constitutes a series of in-line filters of lymph that defend against the spread of microorganisms and tumor cells

A

Lymph node

49
Q

provide enclosed environments for antigen presentation and development of plasma cells secreting non-IgA antibodies

A

Lymph node

50
Q

Most abundant cells of lymph nodes

A

Lymphocytes
Plasma Cells
Dendritic Cells
Macrophages
APCs

51
Q

Convey lymph toward the node and enter it various points on the convex surface of the capsule

A

Afferent lymphatic vessels

52
Q

Convey lymph away from the node and leave the hilum

A

Efferent lymphatic vessels

53
Q

Also composed of dense connective tissue, which extend from the capsule into the substance of the node, forming a gross framework and cuts cortex into various lobules

A

Trabeculae

54
Q

allows easier filtration of the lymph

A

Reticular tissue

55
Q

Forms the outer portion of the node except at the hilum

A

Cortex

56
Q

Receives lymph from the afferent lymphatics

A

Suncapsular sinus

57
Q

Spherical or oval aggregates of lymphocytes that are formed largely by helper T lymphocyte and proliferating B lymphoblasts

A

Lymphoid nodules

58
Q

Identify the correct pair:

A. Primary Nodule: with germinal center; Secondary nodule: without germinal center

B. Primary Nodule: Without germinal center; Secondary nodule: with germinal center

A

B. Primary Nodule: Without germinal center; Secondary nodule: with germinal center

59
Q

These are covered with antibody antigen complexes bound to receptors for complement proteins and for immunoglobulin FC regions, causing B cells to attach, become activated and aggregate as a small primary lymphoid nodule

A

FDC (Follicular Dentritic Cell)

60
Q

With its help, B cells would now form a much larger and more prominent secondary lymphoid nodule

A

adjacent T helper cells

61
Q

Its rapid profileration in the germinal center causes smaller naive lymphocytes to be pushed aside and crowded together peripherally as then the follicular mantle

A

activated B lymphoblast

62
Q

Contains lymphoid tissue rich in T cells

A

Paracortex

63
Q

Specialized postcapillary venules represent an important entry point for most (90%) circulating lymphocytes into lymph node

A

High endothelial venules (HEVs)

64
Q

Dilated spaces lined by discontinuous endothelium that separate the medullary cords

A

Medullary sinuses

65
Q

The spleen is about the size of a __________________.

A

Clenched fist

66
Q

Contains the largest single accumulation of lymphoid tissue in the body

A

spleen

67
Q

only lymphoid organ involved in filtration of blood, making it an important organ in defense against blood-borne antigens

A

spleen

68
Q

main site of old erythrocyte destruction and the production site of antibodies and activated lymphocytes, which here are delivered directly into the blood

A

spleen

69
Q

Splenic pulp:

Restricted to the smaller areas usually surrounding central arterioles

A

White pulp

70
Q

Splenic pulp:

Occupies most of the parenchyma

A

Red pulp

71
Q

Consists of a thick accumulation of lymphocytes surrounding an artery

A

White pulp

72
Q

Branch of the splenic artery

A

central artery

73
Q

Compose of lymphocytes that aggregate around the central

A

Periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS)

74
Q

Contains large number of red blood cells that it filters and degrades

A

Red Pulp

Histology Lecture (9 decks)

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