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Histology Lecture > The Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Pumps and directs blood cells and substances carried in blood to all tissues of the body.

A

Circulatory system

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2
Q

Propels blood through the system

A

Heart

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3
Q

Carry blood from the heart to the tissues

A

Arteries

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4
Q

Sites of O2 and CO2 nutrient, and waste product exchange between blood and tissues

A

Capillaries

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5
Q

The capillaries form a complex network of thin, anastomosing tubules called _______

A

Microvasculature

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6
Q

Carry blood towards the heart to be pumped again

A

Veins

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7
Q

Where blood is oxygenated in the lungs

A

Pulmonary circulation

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8
Q

Where blood brings nutrients and removes wastes in tissues throughout the body

A

Systemic circulation

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9
Q

A simple squamous epithelium that lines the internal surface of all components of the blood and lymphatic systems

A

Endothelium

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10
Q

Contracts rhythmically, with pumping the blood through the circulatory system

A

Cardiac muscle

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11
Q

The circulatory system consists of the …

A

Heart
Arteries
Veins
Microvascular beds

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12
Q

Consists typically of contractile cardiac muscle fibers.

A

Myocardium

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13
Q

T or F. Because a strong force is required to pump blood through the systemic and pulmonary circulations, the myocardium is much thicker in the walls of the atrial walls than in the blood walls of the ventricles.

A

False. Myocardium is much thicker in the walls of the ventricles, particularly the left, than in the atrial walls

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14
Q

This separates the musculature of the atria from that of the ventricle, forms part or the interventricular and interatrial septa, and extends int the valve cusps and the chordae tendineae to which they are attached.

A

Cardiac skeleton

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15
Q

It surrounds, anchors, and support all heart valves

A

Cardiac skeleton

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16
Q

It provides firm points of insertion for cardiac muscle in the atria and ventricles

A

Cardiac skeleton

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17
Q

Its helps coordinate the heartbeat by acting as electrical insulation between atria and ventricles

A

Cardiac skeleton

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18
Q

This makes up the impulse conducting system of the heart that is specialized to generate and conduct waves of depolarization which stimulate rhythmic contractions in adjacent myocardial fibers.

A

Modified cardiac muscle cells

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19
Q

Pacemaker

A

Sinoatrial node

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20
Q

These are pale-staining fibers, larger than the adjacent contractile fibers, with sparse, peripheral myo-fibrils, and much glycogen

A

Purkinje fibers

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21
Q

A simple squamous mesothelium supported by a layer of loose connective tissue containing blood vessels and nerves.

A

Epicardium

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22
Q

Membrane surrounding the heart

A

Pericardium

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23
Q

A lubricant fluid that prevents friction within the percardium.

A

Percardial fluid

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24
Q

A fibrous network that serves as an attachment for the cardiac skeleton and various valve

A

Chordae tendineae

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25
Q

These are necessary for the contraction of the heart

A

Atrioventricular (AV) bundle

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26
Q

Conducting System

a. SA node - AV node - Subendocardial conducting network - AV bundle

b. AV node - SA node - AV bundle - Subendocardial conducting network

c. SA node - AV node - AV bundle - Subendocardial conducting network

A

C. SA node - AV node - AV bundle - Subendocardial conducting network

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27
Q

Initiates the electrical impulse for contraction (heartbeat) and spreads it through the ventricular myocardium

A

cardiac conducting system

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28
Q

Core of the valve and contains fibrous extensions from the dense irregular connective tissue of the skeletal rings of the heart.

A

Fibrosa

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29
Q

Acts as a shock absorber to dampen vibration associated with the cosing of the valve

A

Spongiosa

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30
Q

Fibrous threadlike chords also covered w/ endothelium

A

Ventricularis

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31
Q

Specialized epithelium that acts as a semipermeable barrier between two major internal compartments: the blood and the interstitial tissue fluid.

A

Endothelium

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32
Q

A surface presented by the endothelium which blood will not clot and actively secrete agents that control local clot formation.

A

nonthrombogenic surface

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33
Q

In venules ____________ cells induce specific white blood cells to stop and undergo transendothelial migration at sites of injury or infection

A

endothelial

34
Q

Storage granules of endothelial cells and important in keeping the blood from clotting

A

Weibel-Palade bodies

35
Q

Stimulate formation of the vascular system from embryonic mesenchyme (vasculogenesis)

A

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)

36
Q

Promote capillary sprouting and outgrowth from small existing vessels (angiogenesis) during normal growth, during tissue repair and regeneration

A

Vascular Endothelium Growth Factor (VEGF)

37
Q

T or F. Smooth muscles occur in the walls of al vessels smaller than capillaries and are arranged helically in layers.

A

False. Smooth muscles occur in the walls of al vessels LARGER than capillaries and are arranged helically in layers.

38
Q

Innermost layer of the vessel

A

Tunica Intima

39
Q

The basal lamina of the endothelial cells in the tunica intima has a thin extracellular layer composed chiefly of …

A

collagen
proteoglycans
glycoproteins

40
Q

A sheet like layer or a lamina of fenestrated elastic material contained by the subendothelial layer of the arteries and arterioles which allows expansion especially during high blood pressure.

A

internal elastic membrane

41
Q

The tunica adventitia is composed primarily of what type of collagenous tissue?

A

Type 1

42
Q

Blood supply of our blood vessel

A

Vasa vasorum

43
Q

Nerve supply of the blood vessel

A

Nervi vascularis

44
Q

An artery has a thicker media and relatively narrow lumen intended for the distribution of _______.

A

blood

45
Q

A vein has a larger lumen and its adventitia is the thickest layer intended for the distribution of ________ towards the tissue.

A

deoxygenated blood

46
Q

Its major role is to carry blood to smaller arteries

A

Elastic arteries

47
Q

The most prominent feature of elastic arteries

A. Tunica intima
B. Tunica media
C. Tunica adventitia

A

B. Tunica media

48
Q

Its number in the arteries contribute to their important function of making the blood flow more uniform.

A

elastic laminae

49
Q

conducting arteries

A

Elastic arteries

50
Q

Distributing arteries

A

Muscular arteries

51
Q

These distribute blood to the oragns and help regulate blood pressure by contracting or relaxing the smooth muscle in the media.

A

Muscular arteries

52
Q

smallest arteries branch

A

arterioles

53
Q

Refers to when blood is moved through the arteries forcefully and the elastin is stretched, distending the wall within the limit set by the wall’s collagen.

A

Ventricular contraction (systole)

54
Q

Refers to when ventricular pressure drops to a low level, but the elastin rebounds passively, helping to maintain arterial pressure.

A

Ventricular relaxation (diastole)

55
Q

These prevent backflow of blood into the heart so the rebound continues the blood flow away from the heart.

A

aortic and pulmonary valves

56
Q

Flow regulators of the capillary beds

A

Arterioles

57
Q

Refers to the slight thickening of the smooth muscle at the origin of a capillary bed from an arteriole.

A

Precapillary sphincter

58
Q

Form blood vascular networks that allow fluids containing gases, metabolities, and waste products to move through their thin walls.

A

Capillaries

59
Q

Permit and regulate metabolic exchange between blood and surrounding tissues

A

Capillaries

60
Q

The following are the histologic types of capillaries, except:

A. Continuous
B. Fenestrated
C. Discontinuous
D. NOTA

A

D. NOTA

61
Q

A histologic type of capillary that provide for continuity along the endothelium and well-regulated metabolic exchange across the cells.

A

continuous capillaries

62
Q

Which among the following is the most common type of capillary

A. Continuous
B. Fenestrated
C. Discontinuous
D. NOTA

A

A. continuous

63
Q

This capillary histologic type is found in organs with rapid interchange of substances between tissues and the blood, such as the kidneys, intestine, choroid plexus, and endocrine glands

A

Fenestrated capillaries

64
Q

Commonly called sinusoids

A

Discontinuous capillaries

65
Q

Collect blood from the capillary network

A

Post capillary venules

66
Q

Provide vascular support and promote stability of capillaries and postcapillary venules

A

Pericytes (Rouget Cells/Mural Cells)

67
Q

Also called anastomes

A

Arteriovenous (AV) shunts

68
Q

It directly connects the arterial and venous systems and temporarily bypass capillaries and also direct routes between arteries and veins that divert blood from the capillaries.

A

Arteriovenous (AV) shunts

69
Q

Capillary beds are supplied by _______ and drain into venules, but alternative pathways are found in certain organs.

A

arterioles

70
Q

Special type of blood vessels that does not follow the usual structure of the former discuss blood vasculatures.

A

Atypical blood vessels

71
Q

Blood vessels that supplies nutrients and oxygen to the heart

A

Coronary arteries

72
Q

Hardening of arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

73
Q

Refers to venous channels in the cranial cavity and broad spaces within the dura mater that are lined with endothelial cells and devoid of smooth muscles

A

Dural venous sinuses

74
Q

Used for coronary artery bypass graft where the arterial grafts are not available so medically this is made use of instead

A

great saphinous vein

75
Q

Excess interstitial fluid

A

lymph

76
Q

Originate as closed-ended vessels consisting of a single layer of very thin endothelial cells on an incomplete basal.

A

Lymphatic capillaries (lymphatics)

77
Q

Resembles that of veins except with thinner walls and no distinct separation among tunics

A

Lymphatic vessels

78
Q

Where lymph is processed by cells of the immune system

A

lymph nodes

79
Q

direction of lymph flow

A

unidirectional

80
Q

T or F. Contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of larger lymphatic vessel also helps propel lymph toward the heart.

A

True

81
Q

Openings between endothelial cells are held in place by _______ containing elastin and are covered by extensions of the endothelial cells.

A

anchoring filaments

82
Q

Swelling in the lymphatic drainage

A

lymphedema

Histology Lecture (9 decks)

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