Respiratory System Flashcards
This provides for exchange of O2 and CO2 to and from the blood.
respiratory system
A portion of the respiratory system which consists of the nasal cavities, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles.
Conducting portion
A portion of the respiratory system where the system’s main function of gas exchange occurs, consisting of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli.
Respiratory portion
The cellular sites of the exchange of O2 and CO2 between inspired air and blood that are saclike structures that make up most of the lungs.
Alveoli
This portion cleans and humidifies the inspired air and provides a conduit through which air moves to and from the lungs.
Conducting portion
These provide the conducting portion with rigid structural support and the necessary flexibility and extensibility to ensure an uninterrupted supple of air with its combination.
cartilage
elastic & collagen fibers
smooth muscle
These filter out particulare material from the inspired air.
vibrissae (hair)
Separates the nasal cavities that lie within the skull as two cavernous chambers.
osseous nasal septum
This refers to the three bony shelflike projections.
conchae or turbinates
Play an important role in conditioning inhaled air.
lamina propria
Carries blood in a general direction counter to the flow of inspired air and releases heat to warm that air while it is humidified by water released from small seromucous glands.
a complex vasculature with loops of capillaries
Refers to the paired chambers separated by a bony and cartilaginous septum
Nasal cavities
It also facilitates our sense of olfaction.
Nasal cavities
The dilated space of the nasal cavity just inside the nostrils and lined by skin.
Nasal vestibule
Largest part of the nasal cavities and line by respiratory mucosa.
Respiratory Region
Specialized in the process of olfaction.
Olfactory Region
T or F.
Within the vestibule, the epithelium retains its keratinized nature and undergoes a transition to typical pseudostratified columnar epithelium which also lines the nasal cavities.
False. It loses its keratinized nature
This is where olfactory chemoreceptors for the sense of smell are located.
Olfactory epithelium
Refers to bipolar neurons that span the thickness of the epithelium that act as membrane chemoreceptors.
Olfactory neurons
A process that involves chemoreception where olfactory glands secrete substances that will mix which will then allow the olfactory epithelium to process the stimuli.
Smell
The receptors respond to these substances by generating an action potential along the axons extending from the basal ends of these neurons.
odoriferous substances
These are columnar with broad, cylindrical apexes that help maintain a microenvironment conducive to olfactory function and survival.
Supporting cells
These are small, spherical or coned shaped cells near the basal lamina that acts as stem cells or progenitor cells of the other two types, replacing the olfactory neurons every 2-3 months and support cells less frequently.
Basal cells
Secrete substances that will mix with the substance released by a certain stimulus that is being mixed together and will then be process by the olfactory neurons.
Olfactory glands
Large serous glands which produce a constant flow of fluid surrounding the olfactory cilia, facilitating the access of new odoriferous substances.
Olfactory glands
T or F.
Smell is directly connected to the memory part of the brain.
True
The most abundant respiratory epithelium
Ciliated columnar cells
Cells that produce mucous
Goblet cells
Chemosensory receptors
Brush cells
Cells that are part of the Diffuse Neuroendocrine System (DNES)
Small granule cells or kulchitsky cells
Mitotically active stem and progenitor cells which replenish the epithelia
Basal cells
Serves as a passageway for air and food and acts as a resonating chamber for speech.
Nasopharynx
The first part of the pharynx and continuous caudally with the oropharynx (throat)
Nasopharynx
The epithelium that lines the nasopharynx.
Respiratory epithelium
The passage for air between the pharynx and the trachea
Larynx
The organ for producing sound.
Larynx