Connective Tissue Flashcards
Identify the location of the cell:
Macrophage (histiocyte)
Connective tissue
T or F. Bone remodeling is continuous throughout life and involves a process of bone resorption and bone formation.
True
Identify the location of the cell:
Dendritic cell
lymph nodes, spleen
Play an important role in stabilizing the ECM and linking it to the cell surface. It also possess binding sites for a variety of ECM proteins such as collagens, proteoglycans, and GAGs.
Multiadhesive glycoproteins
Identify the location of the cell:
Fibroblast-derived macrophage
Lamina propria of intestine, endometrium of uterus
These are commonly known as the “fat cell” which are large, mesenchymally derived cells which are specialized for cytoplasmic storage of lipid as neutral fats, or less commonly for the production of heat.
Adipocytes
Identify the location of the cell:
Perisinusoidal (Kupffer cells)
Liver
Where do mast cells originate?
From progenitor cells in the bone marrow
A disease characterized bby a lack of resistance in tissues rich in elastic fibers.
Marfan syndrome
These are enucleated, flexible biconcave discs that make up the hematocrit portion (45%) of a blood sample
Erythrocytes (RBC)
Identify the location of the cell:
Microglia
Central nervous system
Refers to a group of related congenital disorders in which the osteoblasts produce deficient amounts of type 1 collagen or defective type 1 collagen due to genetic mutations.
Osteogenesis imperfecta “brittle bone disease”
Give four resident cells.
Mesenchymal cell
Macrophage
Adipocyte
Fibroblast
These undifferentiated cells and have large nuclei, with prominents nucleoli and fine chromatin. They are “spindle-shaped”, with their scant cytoplasm extended as two or more thin cytoplasmic processes.
Mesenchymal Cells
When macrophages are stimulated (by injection of foreign substances or by infection), they change their morphologic characteristics and properties, becoming ____________________.
Activated macrophages
The most common form of cartilage that are usually found in movable joints, nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, ventral ends of ribs, epiphyseal plates of long bones.
Hyaline cartilage
A type of connective tissue that adapts to offer stress resistance and protection. It has the same components found in loose connective tissue, but with fewer cells and a clear predominance of collagen fibers over ground substance. It is also less flexible when compared to loose connective tissue.
Dense Connective Tissue
It has an eccentrically located, oval or kidney-shaped nucleus.
Macrophage
A preexisting matrix of hyaline cartilage is eroded and invaded by osteoblasts, which then begin osteoid production
Endochonral ossification
What is the liquid portion of circulating blood?
Plasma
The presence of this type of cartilage makes it possible for longitudinal bone growth.
Hyaline cartilage
What type of collagen do reticular fibers usually consist of?
Type III collagen
This provides smooth, low-friction surfaces in joints; structural support for respiratory tract
Hyaline cartilage
Dense irregular and dense regular connective tissue varies in ________
the amounts of collagen present
Make up a population of wandering cells in connective tissues. They leave the blood by migrating between endothelial cells lining venules to enter connective tissue by a process called diapedesis.
Leukocytes
This serves as the supportive stroma for the parenchymal secretory cells and rich microvasculature of the liver and endocrine glands.
Reticular fibers
T or F. Macrophages and white blood cells are both examples of wandering cell population.
True
It fills the space between cells and fibers in connective tissue and, because it is viscous, acts as both a lubricant and a barrier to the penetration of invaders.
Ground substance
This process increases greatly during inflammation, which is a vascular and cellular defensive response to injury or foreign substances, including pathogenic bacteria or irritating chemical substances.
Diapedesis
These are elongated, spindly connective tissue cell note readily identifiable in routine H&E preparations.
Myofibroblast
Fenestrated sheets found in the wall of large blood vessels, especially arteries.
Elastic lamellae
Where are plasma cells derived?
B lymphocytes
Mucoid tissue can be found in these locations except:
A. umbilical cord
B. NOTC
C. pulp cavities of young teeth
D. wharton’s jelly
B. NOTC
A tissue that doesn’t receive any blood supply (avascular) that consists of chrondocytes and an extensive ECM.
Cartilage
The excessive accumulation of water in the extracellular spaces of connective tissue. This wateer comes from the blood, passing through the capillary walls that become more permeable during inflammation and normally producing slight swelling.
Edema
A fibrous connective tissue capsule that cover the outer surface of the bone.
Periosteum
This provides a matrix that supports and physically connects the other tissues and cells together in organs.
Connective tissue
It synthesizes and secrete collagen and elastin which form large fibers, as wells as the GAGs, proteoglycans, & multiadhesive glycoproteins that comprise the ground substance.
Fibroblast
The phenomenon by which specific cell types are attracted by specific molecules & draws much larger number of leukocytes into inflammed tissues.
Chemotaxis
Largest, almost unique, and most ubiquitous GAG that forms a dense, viscous network of polymers, which binds a considerable amount of water, giving it an important role in allowing diffusion of molecules in connective tissue and in lubricating various organs and joints.
Hyaluronic acid
What cell in the connective tissue is being described based on the major product or activity stated below:
Various immune/defense functions
Lymphocytes
Secretion of calcium and promotion of calcification is a function of the bone’s _____________
multiadhesive proteoglycan (osteopontin)
This is the major constituent of the connective tissue which consist of different combinations of protein fibers (such as collagens and elastic fibers) and ground substance.
Extracellular matrix (ECM)
Roles in the local inflammatory response,innate immunity, and tissue repair
Mast cells
Which among the choices are correctly paired?
A. White adipose tissue - multilocular
B. Brown adipose tissue - multilocular
C. White adipose tissue - unilocular
D. Brown adipose tissue - unilocular
Both B and C
What is the average lifespan of plasma cells in most connective tissues?
10- 20 days
T or F. Mature RBCs are nucleotides.
True
Allow tissues to respond to stretch and
distension.
Elastic fibers
What cell in the connective tissue is being described based on the major product or activity stated below:
Storage of neutral fats
Adipocytes
What cell in the connective tissue is being described based on the major product or activity stated below:
Antibodies
Plasma cells
Elastin molecules are rich in _______, ________, and _______, giving much of the protein a random-coil conformation (like that of natural rubber)
glycine, proline, lysine
Present in the ECM of bone that binds osteoclasts and attaches them to the underlying bone surface. It plays and important role in sequestering calcium and promoting calcification of the ECM.
Osteopontin
One of the best known proteoglycans that are very large (250 kDa), with a core protein bearing many chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate chains.
Aggrecan
Spaces within the bone matrix, each of which contains a bone cell.
Lacunae
Identify the location of the cell:
Osteoclast
Bone
Location of fibrocartilage in adults.
Intervetebral discs
attachments of certain ligaments
public symphysis
T or F. In adults, the amount and activity of brown fat are lower in lean individuals.
False. It is higher in lean individuals
Differentiated bone-forming cell that secretes bone matrix.
osteoblasts
combination of hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue with gradual transitions between these tissues
fibrocartilage
A sulfated GAG that acts locally as an anticoagulant
Heparin
Locations of white adipose tissues.
subcutaneous layer of connective tissue
mammary fat pad
around kidneys
bone marrow
palms of hands & soles of feet
beneath visceral pericardium
orbits around the eyeballs
T or F. The layer of articular cartilage within joints usually persists through adult life and contributes to bone growth
False. It doesn’t contribute to bone growth
Where do connective tissues originate?
Mesenchyme
What is the main function of the multilocular adipose cells?
Produce heat by nonshivering thermogenesis
This consists primarily of cells that have migrated into the tissue from the blood in responses to specific stimuli.
Wandering Cell Population
A key element of all connective tissues, as well as epithelial basement membranes and the external laminae of muscle and nerve cells. It is extremely strong and resistant to normal shearing and tearing forces.
Collagen
These serve to cushion and insulate the skin and other organs.
Adipocytes
The accumulation in large numbers of adipocytes.
adipose tissue
Mast cells that line the digestive and respiratory tracts
Mucosal mast cells
These are macrophages in the liver.
Kupffer cells
Identify the location of the cell:
Macrophages
spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and thymus