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Histology Lecture > Endocrine Glands > Flashcards

Endocrine Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Secretory product of endocrine cells and organs that passes into the circulatory system (bloodstream) for transport to target cells.

A

Hormones

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2
Q

The hormone is secreted from one cell and acts on adjacent cell that expressed the specific receptors.

A

Paracrine

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3
Q

A cell that may produce molecules that act on themselves or on cells of the same type

A

Autocrine

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4
Q

A signaling molecule that remains on the secreting cell’s surface or adjacent extracellular matrix and affects target cells when the cells make contact.

A

Juxtacrine

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5
Q

A type of hormone that is particularly important in embryonic and regenerative tissue interactions.

A

Juxtacrine

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6
Q

These are often also target organs for other hormones that can establish a feedback mechanism to control hormone secretion and keep blood hormonal levels within strict limits.

A

Endocrine glands

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7
Q

Lies below the brain in a small cavity on the sphenoid bone, the sella turcica (saddle)

A

Pituirary gland (hypophysis)

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8
Q

The pituitary gland (hypophysis) is formed in the embryo partly from the developing _________ and partly from the developing _________.

A

Brain and oral cavity respectively

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9
Q

Retains many histologic features of brain tissue

A

neurohypophysis

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10
Q

Secretory cells in which hormone is stored in cytoplasmic granules.

A

Chromophils

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11
Q

These stain weakly, with few or no secretory granules, and also represent a heterogeneous group including stem and undifferentiated progenitor cells as well as any degranulated cells present.

A

Chromophobes

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12
Q

growth hormone

A

somatotrophs

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13
Q

prolactin

A

lactotrophs

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14
Q

adrenocorticotrophic hormone

A

corticotrophs

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15
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

A

gonadotrophs

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16
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone

A

thyrotrophs

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17
Q

smaller funnel-shaped region surrounding the infundibulum of the neurohypophysis

A

pars tuberalis

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18
Q

Refers to most of the cells of the pars tuberalis

A

gonadotrophs

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19
Q

Thin zone of basophilic cells between the pars distalis and the pars nervosa of the neurohypophysis

A

pars intermedia

20
Q

Storage site for neurosecretions

A

Posterior pituitary

21
Q

Pituicytes resemble __________

A

astrocytes

22
Q

most abundant cell type in the posterior pituitary

A

pituicytes

23
Q

frequent urination

A

polyuria

24
Q

increased thirst

A

polydipsia

25
Q

Stimulates contraction of uterine smooth muscle during childbith and the myoepithelial cells in the mammary gland.

A

Oxytocin

26
Q

Regulates pituitary gland activity

A

hypothalamus

27
Q

An increase in one of the stimulating hormone would trigger an increase of the effector gland hormone

A

positive loop

28
Q

An increase in the level of the effector gland hormone would suppress the release of the stimulating hormone

A

negative feedback loop

29
Q

Regulates the daily rhythms of bodily activities

A

pineal gland/epiphysis cerebri

30
Q

chief cells of the pineal gland

A

pinealocytes

31
Q

Calcified concretions of the pinealocytes

A

corpora arenacea/brain sand

32
Q

These cells produce melatonin

A

Pinealocytes

33
Q

half-moon shaped flattened structure

A

adrenal gland

34
Q

This affects carbohydrate metabolism and can also induce fat mobilization and muscle proteolysis

A

Cortisol

35
Q

A highly vascular, butterfly-shaped gland

A

thyroid

36
Q

Help control the basal metabolic rate in cells throughout the body

A

thyroid hormones thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine

37
Q

Excessive growth of thyroid follicles and enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

goiter

38
Q

The only endocrine gland in which a large quantity of secretory product is stored

A

thyroid

39
Q

principal cells responsible for the production of the thyroid hormones T4 and T3

A

follicular cells

40
Q

An important regulator of blood calcium levels

A

parathyroid hormone

41
Q

secrete primarily glucagon

A

A cells

42
Q

produce insulin

A

B cells

43
Q

secrete somatostatin

A

D cells

44
Q

secrete pancreatic polypeptide

A

PP cells

45
Q

Plays a role in regulating motility and secretions of all types within the digestive system

A

diffuse neuroendocrine system

Histology Lecture (9 decks)

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