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Anaphy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary System components

A

Kidneys (2) - responsible for urine formation
Ureters (2)
Bladder
Urethra

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2
Q

General Function of Urinary System

A
  • Elimination of waste products
  • Acid-base balance
  • Controls the plasma volume in the body
  • Controls the blood pressure
  • Produce hormones
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3
Q

Activates the RAAS (renin-angiostensin-aldesterone- system)

A

Renin

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4
Q

What happens in Renin Angiostensin Aldesterone System

A

Dehydration/ excessive bleeding > decrease in blood volume > decrease in bp > activates juxtaglomerular cell (production of renin) > increased renin > angiotensinogen = angiotensin 1 > increase in angio 1 > as blood flows in capillaries angio 1 = angio 2

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5
Q

what happens in with angiotensin 2

A

Angiotensin 2- potent vasoconstriction and stimulate adrenal cortex > aldesterone - reabsorption of water and maintains electrolytes > increase in blood volume and bp

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6
Q

Hormones in urinary sys

A

CALCITRIOL
Active form of Vitamin D
1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

ERYTHROPOIETIN
Stimulates new RBC in the bone marrow

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7
Q

what happens if kidneys will be removed

A

Removal of kidney/kidney failue= decrease erythropoietin= decrease RBC= anemia= pt. Can’t tolerate exercise

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8
Q

-bean shaped
- location: retroperitoneal
- level: T12-L3
- R is lower than L

A

Kidney

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9
Q

External Anatomy of Kidney

A

RENAL CAPSULE- Barrier to trauma
ADIPOSE TISSUE- Composed of fats
RENAL FASCIA- Anchors the kidney on the abdominal wall

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10
Q

Internal Anatomy of Kidney

A

RENAL CORTEX
Outer region

RENAL MEDULLA
Inner region
(+) renal pyramids

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11
Q

Functional unit of the kidney
Responsible for the urine formation
1,000,000 nephron in each kidney

A

Nephron

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12
Q

Two main structures of nephron

A

RENAL CORPUSCLE
Glomerulus (network of capillaries) + Bowman’s Capsule

RENAL TUBULE
Proximal convulated tubule
Distal convulated tubule
Loop of Henle
Collecting tubule/duct

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13
Q

Types of Nephron

A

CORTICAL NEPHRON
Part of a nephron that lies in the renal cortex

JUXTAMEDULLARY NEPHRON
Part of the nephron that lies in the renal medulla

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14
Q

Allows the water & small solutes to pass through
Do not allow the proteins, platelets, & blood cells to pass through

A

Filtration Membrane

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15
Q

Net filtration pressure

A

10 mmHg

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16
Q

Amount of filtrate formed in all renal corpuscles in both kidneys for 1 minute normal= 125 mL/min

♂= 125 ml/min
♀= 105 ml/min

A

GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (GFR)

17
Q

Filtered blood in the renal corpuscle
Concentrated= no water
Diluted= with water

A

Luminal Fluid

18
Q

Which part is the workhorse of the nephron
65% reabsorption of water
LF isCONCENTRATED in tubular reabsorption process

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

19
Q

Which part is workhorse of the nephron
65% reabsorption of water
LF=CONCENTRATED

A

Workhorse of the nephron
65% reabsorption of water
LF=CONCENTRATED

20
Q

10% reabsorption of water
LF=Concentrated

A

Thin Descending LOH in Proximal Convoluted Tubule

21
Q

which part is the luminal fluid diluted

A

Thin Ascending LOH
Thick Ascening LOH
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Collecting Tubule

22
Q

Group of specialized epithelial cells in the distal tubules
Monitor flow of filtrate in the nephron important for regulation of arterial pressure

A

Macula Densa

23
Q

Diluted in nature

A

Urine

24
Q

Responsible for the colorPale yellow to orange
Aka “Urochrome”

A

Urobilin

25
Q

what happens when we r dehydrated

A

ADH is secreted then
Reabsorption of water in the kidneys
Attaches to DCT, CCT,MCT
Results to concentrated luminal fluid

26
Q

Composed of smooth muscle
25-30 cm long

A

Ureter

27
Q

(+) smooth muscle= detrusor muscle
Storage of urine
Normal= 500 mL
Max= 700-800 mL urinary dribble
Innervation: S2S3S4

A

Urinary Bladder

28
Q

Voiding, Activated when bladder has 200-300 mL of urine

A

Micturition Reflex

29
Q

Terminal portion of the renal system
♂= 20 cm long
♀= 2-3 cm long
External urethral sphincter (Voluntary sphincter)
Internal urethral sphincter (Involuntary sphincter)

A

Urethra

Anaphy (9 decks)

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