Urinary System Flashcards
Urinary System components
Kidneys (2) - responsible for urine formation
Ureters (2)
Bladder
Urethra
General Function of Urinary System
- Elimination of waste products
- Acid-base balance
- Controls the plasma volume in the body
- Controls the blood pressure
- Produce hormones
Activates the RAAS (renin-angiostensin-aldesterone- system)
Renin
What happens in Renin Angiostensin Aldesterone System
Dehydration/ excessive bleeding > decrease in blood volume > decrease in bp > activates juxtaglomerular cell (production of renin) > increased renin > angiotensinogen = angiotensin 1 > increase in angio 1 > as blood flows in capillaries angio 1 = angio 2
what happens in with angiotensin 2
Angiotensin 2- potent vasoconstriction and stimulate adrenal cortex > aldesterone - reabsorption of water and maintains electrolytes > increase in blood volume and bp
Hormones in urinary sys
CALCITRIOL
Active form of Vitamin D
1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
ERYTHROPOIETIN
Stimulates new RBC in the bone marrow
what happens if kidneys will be removed
Removal of kidney/kidney failue= decrease erythropoietin= decrease RBC= anemia= pt. Can’t tolerate exercise
-bean shaped
- location: retroperitoneal
- level: T12-L3
- R is lower than L
Kidney
External Anatomy of Kidney
RENAL CAPSULE- Barrier to trauma
ADIPOSE TISSUE- Composed of fats
RENAL FASCIA- Anchors the kidney on the abdominal wall
Internal Anatomy of Kidney
RENAL CORTEX
Outer region
RENAL MEDULLA
Inner region
(+) renal pyramids
Functional unit of the kidney
Responsible for the urine formation
1,000,000 nephron in each kidney
Nephron
Two main structures of nephron
RENAL CORPUSCLE
Glomerulus (network of capillaries) + Bowman’s Capsule
RENAL TUBULE
Proximal convulated tubule
Distal convulated tubule
Loop of Henle
Collecting tubule/duct
Types of Nephron
CORTICAL NEPHRON
Part of a nephron that lies in the renal cortex
JUXTAMEDULLARY NEPHRON
Part of the nephron that lies in the renal medulla
Allows the water & small solutes to pass through
Do not allow the proteins, platelets, & blood cells to pass through
Filtration Membrane
Net filtration pressure
10 mmHg
Amount of filtrate formed in all renal corpuscles in both kidneys for 1 minute normal= 125 mL/min
♂= 125 ml/min
♀= 105 ml/min
GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (GFR)
Filtered blood in the renal corpuscle
Concentrated= no water
Diluted= with water
Luminal Fluid
Which part is the workhorse of the nephron
65% reabsorption of water
LF isCONCENTRATED in tubular reabsorption process
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Which part is workhorse of the nephron
65% reabsorption of water
LF=CONCENTRATED
Workhorse of the nephron
65% reabsorption of water
LF=CONCENTRATED
10% reabsorption of water
LF=Concentrated
Thin Descending LOH in Proximal Convoluted Tubule
which part is the luminal fluid diluted
Thin Ascending LOH
Thick Ascening LOH
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Collecting Tubule
Group of specialized epithelial cells in the distal tubules
Monitor flow of filtrate in the nephron important for regulation of arterial pressure
Macula Densa
Diluted in nature
Urine
Responsible for the colorPale yellow to orange
Aka “Urochrome”
Urobilin
what happens when we r dehydrated
ADH is secreted then
Reabsorption of water in the kidneys
Attaches to DCT, CCT,MCT
Results to concentrated luminal fluid
Composed of smooth muscle
25-30 cm long
Ureter
(+) smooth muscle= detrusor muscle
Storage of urine
Normal= 500 mL
Max= 700-800 mL urinary dribble
Innervation: S2S3S4
Urinary Bladder
Voiding, Activated when bladder has 200-300 mL of urine
Micturition Reflex
Terminal portion of the renal system
♂= 20 cm long
♀= 2-3 cm long
External urethral sphincter (Voluntary sphincter)
Internal urethral sphincter (Involuntary sphincter)
Urethra
