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Anaphy > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Supplies the body with oxygen and disposes carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory System

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2
Q

Oxygen and carbon dioxide must be transported to and from the lungs and tissue cells of the body via blood stream

A

Respiratory Gas Transport

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3
Q

Act of moving air in and out of the lungs. Commonly called breathing

A

Ventilation (Pulmonary Ventilation)

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4
Q

Only law that explains or governs the ventilation.
“As we inhale, the air go inside of the lungs and as we exhale the air goes outside the lungs.

A

Boyle’s law

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5
Q

Pulmonary blood flow (5-6L/ min)

A

Perfusion

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6
Q

Which part of the lungs has the greatest perfusion

A

Base of the lungs (Upright)

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7
Q

Normal ventilation- perfusion ratio

A

0.8 or 80%

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8
Q

Gas exchange

A

Respiration

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9
Q

2 types of gas exchange (respiration)

A

Internal and External respiration

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10
Q

Gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries

A

External Respiration

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11
Q

Gas exchange between capillaries and tissues

A

Internal Respiration

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12
Q

Final line of defense for respiratory system. Found in alveoli and also known as dust cells.

(Picks out most of the bacteria)

A

Alveolar Macrophages

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13
Q

Forms most of the alveolar wall and produces lipid molecule called surfactant (coats the gas exposed alveolar surfaces.)

A

Cuboidal Surfactant- secreting cells

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14
Q

Movement occurs toward the lower concentration to higher concentration

A

Diffusion

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15
Q

Give the organs of the respiratory tract

A

Upper
- Nose
- Pharynx (Naso, Oro, and Laryngo)
- Larynx

Lower (Tracheobronchial Tree)
Conducting Zone
-Trachea
-Main Bronchi
- Lobar Bronchi
- Segmental Bronchi
- Terminal Bronchi

Respiratory Zone
- Respiratory Bronchioles
- Alveolar Ducts
- Alveolar sacs
- Alveoli
- Capillaries

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16
Q

The only externally visible part of the system. Large and has mucosal surface. Functions to filter and humidify air. Has vibrissae

A

Nose

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17
Q

Hair in the nose that filters and humidifies the air

A

Vibrissae

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18
Q

Both a respi and GI organ. A muscular passageway about 13 cm long. Aka throat and has 3 parts.

A

Pharynx

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19
Q

3 part of pharynx

A

Nasopharynx (same function as the nose)
Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx (conduits of air)

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20
Q

Voice box. Responsible for voice and sound production. Ensures that air will pass through the trachea. Common site for emergency intubation

A

Larynx

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21
Q

Give the 9 cartilages of Larynx

A

Thyroid, Cricoid, Arytenoid (2), Corniculate (2), Cuneiform (2), and Epiglottis

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22
Q

Guardian of the airways and protects the opening of the larynx

A

Epiglottis

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23
Q

Windpipe. 10-12 cm or about 4 inches. C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage and most common site of intubation.

A

Trachea

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24
Q

Has carina and Right bronchi

A

Main bronchi

25
Q

Where main bronchi divides

A

Carina

26
Q

Common resting place for large aspirated object

A

Right Bronchi

27
Q

Narrower, longer, and more horizontal than the right bronchi

A

Left Bronchi

28
Q

Acinus, functional unit of the lungs

A

Respiratory Zone

29
Q

300 million in total in both lungs. Structural unit of the lungs

A

Alveoli

30
Q

Occupies the thoracic cavity and divided into 4 lobes

A

Lungs

31
Q

Covers the lungs and its fissures, sensitive to stretch

A

Visceral pleura

32
Q

Covers the inside part of the thoracic wall and sensitive to pain

A

Parietal Pleura

33
Q

Lubricates the plurae and is also a shock absorber

A

Pleural Fluid

34
Q

Pressure found inside the pleural space

A

Negative Pressure

35
Q

Normal pressure inside the pleural space

A

-4mmHG

36
Q

Cells in the lungs

A

Type 1 and 2

37
Q

Flat cells lining the alveoli

A

Type 1 cells

38
Q

synthesizes surfactant (reduces surface tension and prevents lung collapse)

A

Type 2 cells

39
Q

Protects the lungs

A

Thoracic Wall (Ribcage)

40
Q

Boundaries of the Thoracic Wall

A

Anterior (Sternum) Posterior (Thoracic Vertebrae) Lateral (Ribs) Superior (Thoracic Outlet) Inferior (Diaphragm)

41
Q

Thoracic Cage Mechanism

A

Pump Handle Motion
Bucket Handle Motion
Caliper Motion
Piston Action

42
Q

Increases anterior- posterior diameter of thorax. Structure involved are sternum and Ribs 1-6

A

Pump Handle Motion

43
Q

Increases lateral diameter of thorax. Structure involve are ribs 7-8

A

Bucket Handle Motion

44
Q

Increases intercostal spaces. Structure involve ribs 8-12

A

Caliper Motion

45
Q

Action of the diaphragm muscle. Inhale: downward and outward Exhale: upward and inward

A

Piston Action

46
Q

Diaphragm and external intercostal are involved in this respiration

A

Relaxed Inspiration

47
Q

Use of accessory muscle (SUPAS) of respiration.

A

Forces Inspiration

48
Q

No muscle involved.(Elastic and passive recoil of lungs and thorax)

A

Relaxed Expiration

49
Q

Muscle involved in this expiration are ASI (abdominals, serratus posterior inferior, and internal intercostals

A

Forced Expiration

50
Q

controls of respiration

A

Dorsal and Ventral Respiratory Group
Pneumotaxic Center
Apneustic Center
Chemoreceptor

51
Q

Located in dorsal medulla, and is responsible for INSPIRATION and rhythm of respiration. (Inspiratory Ramp Signal 2 sec on and 3 sec off)

A

Dorsal Respiratory Group (DIN)

52
Q

Located in ventro lateral medulla and reponsible for expiration and sligh inspiration. Responsible for Expiration

A

Ventral Respiratory group (VEX)

53
Q

Located in the upper pons. Limits inspiration by switching off the inspiratory ramp signal. Controls rate and depth

A

Pneumotaxic Center

54
Q

Located in the lower pons. Prevents switching off of inspi ramp signal. Contradicts Pneumotaxic Center

A

Apneustic Center

55
Q

Located in ventral medulla and is stimulated by increased hydrogen ions

A

Chemoreceptor (Central)

56
Q

Located in carotid and aortic bodies and is stimulated by decrease Pa02 and increase in PaCO2 and acidosis

A

Chemoreceptor Peripheral

57
Q

Non neural Factors

A

Physical Factor (Increase in body tempt)
Volition (Conscious Control)
Emotional Factor

58
Q

Diaphragm movement when inhaling and exhaling

A

Inhale- contract and move downward
Exhale- relaxes and move up

Anaphy (9 decks)

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