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Anaphy > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Heart

A

-Cone Shaped
- Inverted Pyramid
- Blunted Cone
- Small, same as closed fist

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2
Q

Where does the heart rest and is located?

A

Rests: Diaphragm
Located in mediastinum (mass of tissue)

(2/3 of the heart points at the right of the body)

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3
Q

Broad portion, posterior superior, and points to the right. 2nd to 3rd rib.

A

Base

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4
Q

Pointed end and anterior inferior. Points towards left and 5th level of the rib

A

Apex

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5
Q

Fibrous connective tissue that envelopes the heart. Aka pericardial sac.

A

Pericardium

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6
Q

Protects the heart from trauma and infection.

A

Pericardium

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7
Q

2 layers of Pericardium

A
  1. Fibrous Pericardium
  2. Serous Pericardium
    a. Visceral Serous Pericardium
    b. Parietal Serous Pericardium
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8
Q

Layer of pericardium that prevents overstretching of the heart. Anchors the heart to the mediastenum.

A

Fibrous Pericardium

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9
Q

Layer of Serous Pericardium. Adheres tightly to the heart. Aka epicardium.

A

Visceral Serous Pericardium

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10
Q

Layer of Serous Pericardium that adheres tightly to the fibrous pericardium.

A

Parietal Serous Pericardium

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11
Q

Decreases friction in the heart. (50 mL) Located between visceral and parietal serous pericardium.

A

Pericardial Fluid

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12
Q

Surfaces of the Heart

A
  1. Anterior Surface (Sternocostal Surface) RA+ RV
  2. Posterior Surface (Base) RA+ LA
  3. Inferior Surface (Diaphragmatic Surface) RV + LV
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13
Q

Heart Walls

A
  1. Epicardium- Superficial Layer
  2. Myocardium- Thick middle layer
  3. Endocardium- Deep layer lining of the valves of the heart
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14
Q

Its anterior wall are rough because of pectinate muscle. Receiving chambers of the heart.

A

Atria (2)

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15
Q

Openings of the Atria

A

Right
- Superior Vena Cava
- Inferior Vena Cava
- Coronary Sinus

Left
- Pulmonary Veins

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16
Q

Has Trabeculae Carnae and Papillary Muscle. Pumping chambers of the ventricles.

A

Ventricles

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17
Q

Ridges of the cardiac muscle fiber

A

Trabeculae Carnae

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18
Q

Cone shape structure of traberculae carnae. This is where chordae tendinae is attached.

A

Papillary Muscle

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19
Q

Prevents the back flow of blood

A

Heart Valves

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20
Q

Heart Valves

A

A. Atrioventricular (AV) Valve
- Tricuspid
- Bicuspid
B. Semilunar (SL) Valve
- Pulmonic
- Aortic

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21
Q

Great Controlling System of the Heart

A

A. Autonomic Nervous System
1. Sympathetic
2. Para Sympathetic
B. Conducting Zone
1. SA Node (Sinoatrial/ Sinus Node)
2. AV (Atrioventricular) Node
3. Bundle of His
4. Purkinje Fiber

22
Q

Located in the Right Atrium and initiates depolarization

A

SA (Sinoatrial) Node or Sinus Node

23
Q

Located behind the tricuspid valve. Site for heart block.

A

AV (Atrioventricular) Node

24
Q

Located in the IV septum. Conducts from the atrium to the ventricles and primary pacemaker of the heart.

A

Bundle of His

25
Q

15/40x per minute. Surround 2 ventricles. Largest pacemaker of the heart. Conducts AP beginning at the apex upward to the ventricular myocardium

A

Purkinje Fiber

26
Q

Divides the chamber of the heart

A

Septum

27
Q

Septums of the Heart

A
  • Atrioventricular Septum (ventricles and atria)
  • Interatrical Septum (Atria)
  • Interventricular Septum (Ventricles)
28
Q

Pumping action of the heart

A

Diastole and Systole

29
Q

Ventricular Relaxation. Ventricles must stretch to accommodate the ventricular filling

A

Diastole

30
Q

Ventricular Contraction. Ventricles must be able to contract to eject the stroke volume.

A

Systole

31
Q

When increase quantities of blood flow into the heart, the increased blood stretches the walls of the heart chambers.

A

Frank- Starling Law

32
Q

Cardiac Cycle

A

A. Diastole
- Period of Rapid Filling
B. Systole
- Period of Isovolmic Contraction
- Period of Ejection
- Period of Isovolmic Relaxation

33
Q

Period where the blood flows passively from atria to ventricles

A

Period of Rapid Filling of Ventricle (Diastole)

34
Q

Blood flow in Diastole

A

First 1/3 (75%) of blood flow from atrium to ventricles
Middle 3rd- Continuous blood flow
Last 1/3 (25) flow from atrium to ventricles by atrial kick (contracts minimally to get the last blood

35
Q

Valves in Diastole

A

Atrioventricular Valve is Open while Sinular Valve is Close

(Ventricles are relaxed and do not contract. FLOW only)

36
Q

Period where the blood is already in the ventricles. There is also an increase in ventricular pressure in order to close the AV valve. Contraction will happen but there is no emptying yet.

AV AND SL VALVES ARE CLOSED

A

Period of Isovolmic Contraction (Systole)

37
Q

Period of Ejection

A

Afterload
- Ventricular force to open the SL Valves
RV- 8 mmHg (Pulmonary Artery)
LV- 80 mmHg (Aorta)

38
Q

Blood flow in Period Of Ejection (Systole)

A

First 1/3 of Ejection
- 70% of blood is ejected to pulmonary artery and aorta

Last 2/3 of Ejection
- 30% blood is ejected yo pulmonary artery and aorta

AV valves are closed and SL Valves Open

39
Q

Period where the blood is in the blood vessels. There is a decrease in ventricular pressure to close the SL valves.

SL AND AV Valves are closed but will eventually open to start new filling.

A

Period of Isovolmic Relaxation (Systole)

40
Q

Heart sound that is
- Longer
- Louder
- Lower in pitch
- Caused by the closure of AV valves
- Beginning of the ventricular Systole

A

S1 (LUB)

41
Q

Heart sound that is
- Shorter
- Not loud as S1
- Caused by the closure of SL Valves
- Beginning of Ventricular Diastole

A

S2 (DuB

42
Q

Abnormal heart sound that is cause by the rapid filling of Ventricles. CBF. Ventricular Gallop. Rapid filling in Systole

A

S3

43
Q

Heart sound that is atrial systole and causes Heart Attach and Hypertension. Atrial Gallop

A

S4

44
Q

Systolic and Diastolic Pressure

A

Systolic (Highest Arterial Pressure)120mmHG
Diastolic (Lowest Arterial Pressure)
80 mmHG

Normal BP 120/80

45
Q

Heart Rate and Pulse Rate

A

Heart Rate (N= 60-100 Beats per Minute)
Pulse Rate SBp- DBP
Average pressure of peripheral pulse
N= 40 mmhg

46
Q

Amount of blood left

A

Diastolic - 120 ml
Systolic - 50 ml

47
Q

Amount of blood pumped by the ventricles per contraction

A

Stroke Volume

48
Q

Stroke Volume = to

A

N= 70 mL

49
Q

Amount of blood pumped by the ventricles per minute

A

Cardiac Output

50
Q

Normal Cardiac Output

A

4-6 Liters of Blood

Cardiac Output= Stroke Volume x hour

Anaphy (9 decks)

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