Digestive System Flashcards
Digestive System function (3)
Digestion
Absorption
Defecation
2 parts of digestive system
Alimentary canal (GI tract)
Accessory organs
Accessory Digestive Organs
Teeth
Salivary Gland
Tongue
Pancreas
Liver
Gall Bladder
Aka dentes has 2 sets; deciduous teeth (20) permanent teeth (32)
Teeth
Deciduous Teeth (20) is composed of
Incissors (4)
Canines (2)
Molars (4)
Permanent Teeth (32) is composed of
Canines (2)
Premolars (4)
Incissors (4)
Molars (6)
First teeth to erupt
2 lower incissors sa middle at 6 months
Secretes saliva into the mouth
Salivary Gland
Composition of Saliva (N= 1,000- 1,500 mL)
99.5% water
0.5% solutes
IgA (immunoglobulin A- protects the mouth from bacteria)
2 types of protein in the saliva
Mucin and Salivary Amylase
Mucin function
Mucus secretion
Brings moisture to food & binds them together to form BOLUS
Salivary Amylase (aka ptyalin) function
Serous secretion
Starch digesting enzyme
3 glands of salivary gland
Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual
Controls of salivary gland
Sympa- decrease
Para- increase
Floor of the mouth
Tongue
Muscles of the tongue
Extrinsic ms
- Movt of the tongue side to side, in and out
Intrinsic ms
- Altering the shape of the tongue
Taste buds
- Receptors for the taste
Has both endocrine and exocrine function. Located in the greater curvature of the stomach. has pancreatic juice (1,200- 1500 ml)
Pancreas
Enzymes of Pancreatic Juice
Pancreatic Amylase - Carbohydrate digesting enzyme
Trypsinogen Aka “Trypsin” - Protein digesting enzyme
Pancreatic Lipase- Triglyceride digesting enzyme
Carbohydrate digesting enzyme
Pancreatic Amylase
Aka “Trypsin” Protein digesting enzyme
Should always remain inactive in the level of the pancreas
Trypsinogen
Brush border villi Responsible for converting trypsinogen to trypsin
Enterokinase
Triglyceride digesting enzyme
Pancreatic Lipase
Relaxation of sphincter of oddi
Release of cholecystokinin
Peristaltic wave in the common bile duct
Intestinal wave
Heaviest gland 2nd largest organ
Liver
Functional unit of liver. Responsible for production of bile.
Lobule
responsible for emulsification of fats
Bile
Bile composition (800- 1000mL)
Water
Cholesterol
Bile salts
Bile pigment
Inferior to liver and function as a storage of bile
Gall bladder
Ducts of gall bladder
Hepatic ducts
Common hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Common bile duct
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Alimentary Canal
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Buccal or Oral Cavity
Mouth
Walls of the mouth
Lateral= Cheek
Ant. Roof= Hard Palate
Post. Roof= Soft Palate
Floor= Tongue
Aka “Throat”
- 3 parts
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Pharynx
Aka “Deglutition” Movement of food from the mouth to stomach
Act of swallowing
Stages of Act of swallowing
Voluntary Stage (passageway of bolus into the oropharynx)
Pharyngeal Stage (bolus at oropharynx; fastest stage)
Esophageal Stage (bolus at esophagus)
(+) receptor that sends info to deglutition center (lower pons & medulla)
Oropharynx
Deglutition center will command the ff:
Soft palate + uvula (will move up to close off the nasopharynx)
Larynx (forward + upward)
Epiglotis (backward + downward) to widen the opening of the esophagus
25 cm long Composed of a smooth muscle
no digestive enzymes
no absorption
Passageway of bolus
Esophagus
2 sphincter of esophagus
Upper Esophageal Sphincter
Lower Esophageal Sphincter (cardioesophageal sphincter)
C or J- shaped Storage of food (4L or 1 gallon)
stomach
Parts of the stomach
Cardia
- Opening portion
Fundus
- Broad portion
Body
- central/ middle portion
Pylorus
- terminal portion
(+) pyloric sphincter
movt of bolus in the stomach
forward backward
Tubular Glands of the stomach
Gastric Gland
Pyloric Gland
has gastric juice (2,000- 3,000 mL)
Gastric Gland
Cells in gastric gland
Mucus neck cell (produce mucus)
Chief cell (pepsinogen = pepsin)
Parietal cell (intrinsic factor - reabsorption of vit 12 at ileum + HCl- activation of pepsinogen to pepsin)
Cell of pyloric gland
Gcell
Secretes hormone “gastrin” (maturation, growth, & development of gastric gland)
Inhibition= Somatostatin
G cell
Longest alimentary canal, major digestive organ, major events of absorption
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
Small Intestine
Has enterogastric reflex (tightening of sphincter)
small intestine
Hormones in the small intestine
Secretin (stimulates the liver & pancreas)
Cholecystokinin (contraction of the bladder)
3-6 hour journey, bolus at the end of the stomach
Heavy cream/ white cream in appearance (2-3 teaspoon)
Chyme
what happens to the chyme in small intestine
Chyme at the duodenum= duodenal wall stretches= stimulates intestinal wave= Activation of hormones (secretin & cholecystokinin)
Largest Alimentary canal. Parts (cecum- has ileocecal sphincter, rectum- when stretched it produces defecation reflex, anal canal, anus) function is hustral contraction
Large intestine
has iliocecal sphincter and good bacteria (responsible for fermentation of stool- produces 500ml methane gas) undigested food stays for 72 hours
Large Intestine
Enteric Nervous System
Myenteric/ Auerbach Plexus (movement for GIT) (peristalsis)
Submucosa/ Meissners Plexus (secretions & blood flow for the GIT)
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide- simple sugar
( glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose)
Disaccharide - double sugar
Polysaccharide- many sugar (starch, glycogen)
what r examples of disaccharide
SUCROSE: glucose + fructose
LACTOSE: glucose + galactose
MALTOSE: glucose + glucose
Events of Digestion
Mouth (Salivary Amylase - starch - MALTOSE)
Stomach (Pepsin - Protein- LARGE POLYPEPTIDE)
Small Intestine ( Trypsin - Large polypeptide- PEPTIDE)
(Pancreatic Lipase + Bile - Triglyceride - MONOGLYCERIDE, FATTY ACID, AMINO ACID)
(Pancreatic Amylase + brush border villi- Disaccharide - monosaccharide)
