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Anaphy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive System function (3)

A

Digestion
Absorption
Defecation

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2
Q

2 parts of digestive system

A

Alimentary canal (GI tract)
Accessory organs

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3
Q

Accessory Digestive Organs

A

Teeth
Salivary Gland
Tongue
Pancreas
Liver
Gall Bladder

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4
Q

Aka dentes has 2 sets; deciduous teeth (20) permanent teeth (32)

A

Teeth

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5
Q

Deciduous Teeth (20) is composed of

A

Incissors (4)
Canines (2)
Molars (4)

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6
Q

Permanent Teeth (32) is composed of

A

Canines (2)
Premolars (4)
Incissors (4)
Molars (6)

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7
Q

First teeth to erupt

A

2 lower incissors sa middle at 6 months

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8
Q

Secretes saliva into the mouth

A

Salivary Gland

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9
Q

Composition of Saliva (N= 1,000- 1,500 mL)

A

99.5% water
0.5% solutes
IgA (immunoglobulin A- protects the mouth from bacteria)

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10
Q

2 types of protein in the saliva

A

Mucin and Salivary Amylase

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11
Q

Mucin function

A

Mucus secretion
Brings moisture to food & binds them together to form BOLUS

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12
Q

Salivary Amylase (aka ptyalin) function

A

Serous secretion
Starch digesting enzyme

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13
Q

3 glands of salivary gland

A

Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual

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14
Q

Controls of salivary gland

A

Sympa- decrease
Para- increase

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15
Q

Floor of the mouth

A

Tongue

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16
Q

Muscles of the tongue

A

Extrinsic ms
- Movt of the tongue side to side, in and out
Intrinsic ms
- Altering the shape of the tongue
Taste buds
- Receptors for the taste

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17
Q

Has both endocrine and exocrine function. Located in the greater curvature of the stomach. has pancreatic juice (1,200- 1500 ml)

A

Pancreas

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18
Q

Enzymes of Pancreatic Juice

A

Pancreatic Amylase - Carbohydrate digesting enzyme
Trypsinogen Aka “Trypsin” - Protein digesting enzyme
Pancreatic Lipase- Triglyceride digesting enzyme

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19
Q

Carbohydrate digesting enzyme

A

Pancreatic Amylase

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20
Q

Aka “Trypsin” Protein digesting enzyme
Should always remain inactive in the level of the pancreas

A

Trypsinogen

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21
Q

Brush border villi Responsible for converting trypsinogen to trypsin

A

Enterokinase

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22
Q

Triglyceride digesting enzyme

A

Pancreatic Lipase

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23
Q

Relaxation of sphincter of oddi

A

Release of cholecystokinin
Peristaltic wave in the common bile duct
Intestinal wave

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24
Q

Heaviest gland 2nd largest organ

A

Liver

25
Q

Functional unit of liver. Responsible for production of bile.

A

Lobule

26
Q

responsible for emulsification of fats

A

Bile

27
Q

Bile composition (800- 1000mL)

A

Water
Cholesterol
Bile salts
Bile pigment

28
Q

Inferior to liver and function as a storage of bile

A

Gall bladder

29
Q

Ducts of gall bladder

A

Hepatic ducts
Common hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Common bile duct
Hepatopancreatic ampulla

30
Q

Alimentary Canal

A

Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

31
Q

Buccal or Oral Cavity

A

Mouth

32
Q

Walls of the mouth

A

Lateral= Cheek
Ant. Roof= Hard Palate
Post. Roof= Soft Palate
Floor= Tongue

33
Q

Aka “Throat”
- 3 parts
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

A

Pharynx

34
Q

Aka “Deglutition” Movement of food from the mouth to stomach

A

Act of swallowing

35
Q

Stages of Act of swallowing

A

Voluntary Stage (passageway of bolus into the oropharynx)
Pharyngeal Stage (bolus at oropharynx; fastest stage)
Esophageal Stage (bolus at esophagus)

36
Q

(+) receptor that sends info to deglutition center (lower pons & medulla)

A

Oropharynx

37
Q

Deglutition center will command the ff:

A

Soft palate + uvula (will move up to close off the nasopharynx)
Larynx (forward + upward)
Epiglotis (backward + downward) to widen the opening of the esophagus

38
Q

25 cm long Composed of a smooth muscle
no digestive enzymes
no absorption
Passageway of bolus

A

Esophagus

39
Q

2 sphincter of esophagus

A

Upper Esophageal Sphincter
Lower Esophageal Sphincter (cardioesophageal sphincter)

40
Q

C or J- shaped Storage of food (4L or 1 gallon)

A

stomach

41
Q

Parts of the stomach

A

Cardia
- Opening portion
Fundus
- Broad portion
Body
- central/ middle portion
Pylorus
- terminal portion
(+) pyloric sphincter

42
Q

movt of bolus in the stomach

A

forward backward

43
Q

Tubular Glands of the stomach

A

Gastric Gland
Pyloric Gland

44
Q

has gastric juice (2,000- 3,000 mL)

A

Gastric Gland

45
Q

Cells in gastric gland

A

Mucus neck cell (produce mucus)
Chief cell (pepsinogen = pepsin)
Parietal cell (intrinsic factor - reabsorption of vit 12 at ileum + HCl- activation of pepsinogen to pepsin)

46
Q

Cell of pyloric gland

A

Gcell

47
Q

Secretes hormone “gastrin” (maturation, growth, & development of gastric gland)
Inhibition= Somatostatin

A

G cell

48
Q

Longest alimentary canal, major digestive organ, major events of absorption
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

A

Small Intestine

49
Q

Has enterogastric reflex (tightening of sphincter)

A

small intestine

50
Q

Hormones in the small intestine

A

Secretin (stimulates the liver & pancreas)
Cholecystokinin (contraction of the bladder)

51
Q

3-6 hour journey, bolus at the end of the stomach
Heavy cream/ white cream in appearance (2-3 teaspoon)

A

Chyme

52
Q

what happens to the chyme in small intestine

A

Chyme at the duodenum= duodenal wall stretches= stimulates intestinal wave= Activation of hormones (secretin & cholecystokinin)

53
Q

Largest Alimentary canal. Parts (cecum- has ileocecal sphincter, rectum- when stretched it produces defecation reflex, anal canal, anus) function is hustral contraction

A

Large intestine

54
Q

has iliocecal sphincter and good bacteria (responsible for fermentation of stool- produces 500ml methane gas) undigested food stays for 72 hours

A

Large Intestine

55
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A

Myenteric/ Auerbach Plexus (movement for GIT) (peristalsis)
Submucosa/ Meissners Plexus (secretions & blood flow for the GIT)

56
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharide- simple sugar
( glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose)
Disaccharide - double sugar
Polysaccharide- many sugar (starch, glycogen)

57
Q

what r examples of disaccharide

A

SUCROSE: glucose + fructose
LACTOSE: glucose + galactose
MALTOSE: glucose + glucose

58
Q

Events of Digestion

A

Mouth (Salivary Amylase - starch - MALTOSE)
Stomach (Pepsin - Protein- LARGE POLYPEPTIDE)
Small Intestine ( Trypsin - Large polypeptide- PEPTIDE)
(Pancreatic Lipase + Bile - Triglyceride - MONOGLYCERIDE, FATTY ACID, AMINO ACID)

(Pancreatic Amylase + brush border villi- Disaccharide - monosaccharide)

Anaphy (9 decks)

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