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Anaphy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine System

A

endocrine
system are small and unimpressive. The endocrine system also lacks the
structural or anatomical continuity typical of most organ systems. Instead, bits
and pieces of endocrine tissue are tucked away in separate regions of the
body. However, functionally the endocrine organs are impressive, and when
their role in maintaining body homeostasis is considered, they are true giant.

2nd great controlling system

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2
Q

Function of Endocrine System

A

Has hormones.
To arouse and activate the activity of a cell

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3
Q

Chemical substance secreted by endocrine cells into the extracellular fluids. Regulates the metabolic activity of other cells in the body. Circulates through the blood. Bring about their effects on target organ or cell by altering cellular activity. Either decreasing ot increasing the normal metabolic process

A

Hormones

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4
Q

The chief means of regulating blood levels of nearly all hormones

A

Negative Feedback

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5
Q

Give the three (3) major stimuli that activate endocrine glands

A
  • Hormonal Stimuli
  • Humoral Stimuli
  • Neural Stimuli
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6
Q

Most common stimulus. The glands are stimulated into action by other hormones. (Example: Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland)

A

Hormonal Stimuli

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7
Q

Glands are stimulated by the change of blood levels of certain ions and nutrients. (Example: the decrease of calcium ion stimulates the parathyroid)

A

Humoral Stimuli

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8
Q

Nerve Fibers stimulate hormone release (Example SNS stimulates medulla to release (norepinephrine and epinephrine) during period of stress

A

Neural Stimuli

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9
Q

Give the organs of the endocrine system

A
  • Pituitary Gland (Anterior Posterior)
    -Thyroid Gland
  • Parathyroid Gland
  • Adrenal Gland (Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla)
  • Thymus Gland
  • Pineal Gland
  • Pancreas
  • Gonads (Testes and Ovary)
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10
Q

Also known as Hypophysis

A

Pituitary Gland

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11
Q

Where does Pituitary Gland lies

A

Sella Turcica

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12
Q

How many lobes does pituitary gland have?

A

2 (Anterior and Posterior)

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13
Q

Also known as Adenohypophysis (Made of Pharyngeal Epithelium)

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

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14
Q

Controls Hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory hormones

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

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15
Q

Give the 7 hormones of Anterior Pituitary Gland

A

Prolactin
Growth Hormone
Thyroid Stimulating hormone
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone

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16
Q

Also known as Lactotropin and responsible for the production of milk.

A

Prolactin

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17
Q

The increase in prolactin will cause what to male and female?

A

Amenorrhea and Erectile Dysfunction

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18
Q

Aka somatotropin. Responsible for growth of long bone and soft tissue.

A

Growth Hormone

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19
Q

What happens in childhood and adulthood if there is an increase in growth hormone?

A

Childhood- Gigantism
Adulthood- Acromegaly (Bones grow too quick)

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20
Q

What happens in childhood if there is a decrease in growth hormone?

A

Dwarfism

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21
Q

Aka Thyrotropine and stimulates thyroid hormone

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

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22
Q

Aka Melanotropin and stimulates the skin pigmentation

A

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

23
Q

Stimulates the cortisol

A

ACTH

24
Q

Also known as Gonadotropin Stimulates the estrogen and progesterone in female and stimulates the sperm in male.

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

25
Q

Aka lutropin and triggers ovulation in female and stimulate testosterone in male

A

Luteinizing Hormone

26
Q

AKA Neurohypophysis (neural tissue). It controls the hypothalamus and is also the storage of hormones

A

Posterior Pituitary Gland

27
Q

Give the 2 hormones excreted by Posterior pituitary gland.

A

Oxytocin
Antidiuretic Hormone

28
Q

Stimulates milk ejection and contraction of uterine wall

A

Oxytocin

29
Q

Aka vasopresin. Responsible for the stimulation of reabsorption of water in kidneys

A

Antidiuretic Hormone

30
Q

Located inferior to the larynx and excretes 2 hormones responsible for growth and maturation of the central nervous system and the decrease of calcium in blood.

A

Thyroid Gland

31
Q

Aka thyroxine. Hormone excreted by the thyroid gland responsible for growth, maturation, and development of the cns

A

Thyroid Hormone (T3 and T4)

32
Q

Hormone excreted by the thyroid gland responsible for decreasing calcium in the blood

A

Calcitonin

33
Q

Located posterior surface of the lateral lobe of the thyroid gland. Excretes hormone that increases calcium in the blood.

A

Parathyroid gland

34
Q

Located superior to each kidney and has 2 part (cortex and medulla)

A

Adrenal Gland

35
Q

Part of Adrenal Gland that has 3 layers that excretes 3 different hormones

A

Adrenal Cortex

36
Q

3 layers of adrenal cortex and their hormone

A

Zona Glomerulosa (Aldesterone)
Zona Fasciculata (Cortisol)
Zona Reticularis (Androgen)

37
Q

What layer and hormone of adrenal cortex is responsible for the stimulation of reabsoption of water and maintaining electrolytes?

A

Zone Glomerulosa (Aldesterone)

38
Q

What layer and hormone of adrenal cortex is responsible for the stimulation of resistance to stress?

A

Zona Fasciculata (Cortisol)

39
Q

What layer and hormone of adrenal cortex is responsible for the stimulation of growth of hair in pubic, chest, and axillary?

A

Zona Reticularis (Androgen)

40
Q

Excretes 2 hormones responsible for fight or flight response

A

Adrenal Medulla

41
Q

2 hormones of adrenal medulla

A

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

42
Q

Located behind the sternum between 2 lungs and excretes hormone responsible to the stimulation of maturation of T-cells (killing virus)

A

Thymus Gland

43
Q

What hormone stimulates the maturation of t cells

A

Thymosin

44
Q

Located at the roof of 3rd ventricle of the brain. Excretes hormone responsible for the stimulation of body’s biological clock

A

Pineal Gland

45
Q

Hormone responsible for the stimulation of body’s biological clock

A

Melatonin

46
Q

Located in the greater curvature of the stomach and has islet of langerhands. Has 3 cells that excretes 3 hormones.

A

Pancreas

47
Q

3 cells in pancreas and their hormones

A

GABIDS

Alpha Cells - Glucagon (Blood sugar)
Beta Cells- Insulin (Lowers glucagon)
Delta Cells- Somatostatin (Equalizes the # of glucagon and insulin)

48
Q

Composed of testes and ovary

A

Gonads

49
Q

Produces testosterone

A

Testes

50
Q

Functional unit of testes

A

Sperm

51
Q

Poduces estrogen and progesterone has relaxin

A

Ovary

52
Q

Fuctional unit of ovary

A

Oocytes

53
Q

Increases flexibility of symphysis pubis

A

Relaxin

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