Endocrine System Flashcards
Endocrine System
endocrine
system are small and unimpressive. The endocrine system also lacks the
structural or anatomical continuity typical of most organ systems. Instead, bits
and pieces of endocrine tissue are tucked away in separate regions of the
body. However, functionally the endocrine organs are impressive, and when
their role in maintaining body homeostasis is considered, they are true giant.
2nd great controlling system
Function of Endocrine System
Has hormones.
To arouse and activate the activity of a cell
Chemical substance secreted by endocrine cells into the extracellular fluids. Regulates the metabolic activity of other cells in the body. Circulates through the blood. Bring about their effects on target organ or cell by altering cellular activity. Either decreasing ot increasing the normal metabolic process
Hormones
The chief means of regulating blood levels of nearly all hormones
Negative Feedback
Give the three (3) major stimuli that activate endocrine glands
- Hormonal Stimuli
- Humoral Stimuli
- Neural Stimuli
Most common stimulus. The glands are stimulated into action by other hormones. (Example: Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland)
Hormonal Stimuli
Glands are stimulated by the change of blood levels of certain ions and nutrients. (Example: the decrease of calcium ion stimulates the parathyroid)
Humoral Stimuli
Nerve Fibers stimulate hormone release (Example SNS stimulates medulla to release (norepinephrine and epinephrine) during period of stress
Neural Stimuli
Give the organs of the endocrine system
- Pituitary Gland (Anterior Posterior)
-Thyroid Gland - Parathyroid Gland
- Adrenal Gland (Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla)
- Thymus Gland
- Pineal Gland
- Pancreas
- Gonads (Testes and Ovary)
Also known as Hypophysis
Pituitary Gland
Where does Pituitary Gland lies
Sella Turcica
How many lobes does pituitary gland have?
2 (Anterior and Posterior)
Also known as Adenohypophysis (Made of Pharyngeal Epithelium)
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Controls Hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory hormones
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Give the 7 hormones of Anterior Pituitary Gland
Prolactin
Growth Hormone
Thyroid Stimulating hormone
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone
Also known as Lactotropin and responsible for the production of milk.
Prolactin
The increase in prolactin will cause what to male and female?
Amenorrhea and Erectile Dysfunction
Aka somatotropin. Responsible for growth of long bone and soft tissue.
Growth Hormone
What happens in childhood and adulthood if there is an increase in growth hormone?
Childhood- Gigantism
Adulthood- Acromegaly (Bones grow too quick)
What happens in childhood if there is a decrease in growth hormone?
Dwarfism
Aka Thyrotropine and stimulates thyroid hormone
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Aka Melanotropin and stimulates the skin pigmentation
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
Stimulates the cortisol
ACTH
Also known as Gonadotropin Stimulates the estrogen and progesterone in female and stimulates the sperm in male.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Aka lutropin and triggers ovulation in female and stimulate testosterone in male
Luteinizing Hormone
AKA Neurohypophysis (neural tissue). It controls the hypothalamus and is also the storage of hormones
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Give the 2 hormones excreted by Posterior pituitary gland.
Oxytocin
Antidiuretic Hormone
Stimulates milk ejection and contraction of uterine wall
Oxytocin
Aka vasopresin. Responsible for the stimulation of reabsorption of water in kidneys
Antidiuretic Hormone
Located inferior to the larynx and excretes 2 hormones responsible for growth and maturation of the central nervous system and the decrease of calcium in blood.
Thyroid Gland
Aka thyroxine. Hormone excreted by the thyroid gland responsible for growth, maturation, and development of the cns
Thyroid Hormone (T3 and T4)
Hormone excreted by the thyroid gland responsible for decreasing calcium in the blood
Calcitonin
Located posterior surface of the lateral lobe of the thyroid gland. Excretes hormone that increases calcium in the blood.
Parathyroid gland
Located superior to each kidney and has 2 part (cortex and medulla)
Adrenal Gland
Part of Adrenal Gland that has 3 layers that excretes 3 different hormones
Adrenal Cortex
3 layers of adrenal cortex and their hormone
Zona Glomerulosa (Aldesterone)
Zona Fasciculata (Cortisol)
Zona Reticularis (Androgen)
What layer and hormone of adrenal cortex is responsible for the stimulation of reabsoption of water and maintaining electrolytes?
Zone Glomerulosa (Aldesterone)
What layer and hormone of adrenal cortex is responsible for the stimulation of resistance to stress?
Zona Fasciculata (Cortisol)
What layer and hormone of adrenal cortex is responsible for the stimulation of growth of hair in pubic, chest, and axillary?
Zona Reticularis (Androgen)
Excretes 2 hormones responsible for fight or flight response
Adrenal Medulla
2 hormones of adrenal medulla
Norepinephrine and epinephrine
Located behind the sternum between 2 lungs and excretes hormone responsible to the stimulation of maturation of T-cells (killing virus)
Thymus Gland
What hormone stimulates the maturation of t cells
Thymosin
Located at the roof of 3rd ventricle of the brain. Excretes hormone responsible for the stimulation of body’s biological clock
Pineal Gland
Hormone responsible for the stimulation of body’s biological clock
Melatonin
Located in the greater curvature of the stomach and has islet of langerhands. Has 3 cells that excretes 3 hormones.
Pancreas
3 cells in pancreas and their hormones
GABIDS
Alpha Cells - Glucagon (Blood sugar)
Beta Cells- Insulin (Lowers glucagon)
Delta Cells- Somatostatin (Equalizes the # of glucagon and insulin)
Composed of testes and ovary
Gonads
Produces testosterone
Testes
Functional unit of testes
Sperm
Poduces estrogen and progesterone has relaxin
Ovary
Fuctional unit of ovary
Oocytes
Increases flexibility of symphysis pubis
Relaxin
