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Anaphy > Nervous System (PNS) > Flashcards

Nervous System (PNS) Flashcards

1
Q

A bundle of neuron fibers found outside the cns

A

Nerve

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2
Q

Nerve Structure

A
  • Endoneurium- Delicate (fiber)
  • Perineurium- coarse (group of fibers)
  • Epineruium- Tough (fascicles)
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3
Q

Nerve classification according to the direction of impulse

A

Afferent (Sensory) Nerves- Carries sensation
Efferent (Motor) Nerves - Carries motor fibers
Mixed Nerves- Both sensation and motor fibers

ALL SPINAL NERVES ARE MIXED

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4
Q

Supplies the head and neck except vagus nerves that extends to thoracic and abdominal cavities.

A

Cranial Nerves

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5
Q

How many cranial nerves in total?

A

12 pairs/ 24 total

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6
Q

Most cranial nerves are mixed, EXCEPT?

A

Optic, olfactory, vestibulocochlear nerves (SENSATION ONLY)

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7
Q

Give the cranial nerve and function

A

1 Olfactory (Sensation)
2 Optic Nerve (Sensation)
3 Oculomotor (Motor)
4 Trochlear Nerve (Motor)
5 Trigeminal (Both)
6 Abducent (Motor)
7 Facial (Both)
8 Acoustic Nerve (Sensory)
9 Glossopharyngeal (Both)
9 Vagus Nerve (Both)
11 Accessory Nerve (Motor)
12 Hypoglossal Nerve (Motor)

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8
Q

All nerves are located in the brainstem except?

A

CN1 (Olfactory) - Telencephalon
CN2 (Optic) - Diencephalon

LOCATED IN THE CEREBRUM

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9
Q

Location of the cranial nerve in the brainstem

A

Midbrain (CN3, 4)
Pons (CN 5, 6,7 ,8)
Medulla Oblongata (CN 7,8,9,10,11,12)

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10
Q

Sense of smell. To test is to allow patient to sniff aromatic substances

A

Cranial Nerve 1 - Olfactory

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11
Q

Vision. Tests to conduct will be snellen’s chart, confrontation test, ishihara, tonometry, retinoscopy, pupillary light reflex.

A

Cranial Nerve 2 (Optic Nerve)

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12
Q

Lesions in cranial nerve 2

A
  • Myopia
  • Hyperopia
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13
Q

Nerve supply for the muscles that direct the eyeball. Controls the cardinal gaze

A

Cranial Nerve 3, 4, 6

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14
Q

Give the muscles of Cranial Nerve 3, 4 ,6

A

Cranial Nerve 4- Superior Oblique (Downward and middle motion of eye)
Cranial Nerve 6 - Lateral Rectus
Cranial Nerve 3- Superior, Medial, Inferior Rectus and inferior oblique (Constricting of pupil)

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15
Q

Lesion in Cranial Nerve 2 and 3 will lead to an unequal pupil size named

A

Anisocoria

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16
Q

Largest cranial nerve because of its sensory distribution.
Motor: muscle for mastication TIME ( Temporalis, Internal Pyterygoid, Masseter, External Ptyerygoid)
Sensory: Sensation to face. General sensation in the anterior 2/3 or the tongue (pain and temp)

Reflex: Corneal Reflex
Testing: Sensory and muscle testing

A

Cranial Nerve 5: Trigeminal Nerve

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17
Q

Divisions in Facial Sensation of Tregeminal Nerve (5)

A
  • Opthalmic Division (Afferent of Corneal Reflex)
  • Maxillary Division
  • Mandibular Division
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18
Q

Motor function is facial expression
Sensory: Taste for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.
Autonomic: salivation and lacrima formation
Efferent of Corneal Reflex

A

Cranial Nerve 7 (Facial Nerve)

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19
Q

Lesion in CN7

A

Peripheral Lesion- Bell’s Palsy (cannot raise eyebrow)
Central Lesion- Stroke (can raise eyebrow)

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20
Q

Has 2 part function; 1 is vestibular (balance) lesion will result to disequilibrium 2. Cochlea (hearing) lession is deafness

Test - Tuning fork test
(Weber- Lateralization of hearing)
( Rinne- Compares air conduction)

A

Acoustic Nerve (CN8)

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21
Q

Sensory: Taste and general sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue. Autonomic: Parotid gland (monitors carotid and body sinus)

Afferent of gag reflex

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN9)

22
Q

Motor: muscle of pharynx and larynx. (Phonation)
Sensory: Gives sensation to the skin of pinna of the external of the ear and sensation to pharynx, larynx, and epiglottis
Autonomic: Innervates visceral organs of thorax and abdomen

Efferent of gag reflex in CN9

A

Vagus Nerve (CN10)

23
Q

Has 2 part function
1. Cranial : supplies the pharyngeal muscle.
2. Spinal: Supplies SCM and trapezius

A

Cranial Nerve 11 (Accessory Nerve)

24
Q

Supplies tongue muscles.

A

Cranial Nerve 12 (Hypoglossal Nerve)

25
Q

Movement of the tongue

A

Palatoglossus - Upward
Genioglossus- Protrusion
Hypoglossus- Downward
Styloglossus- Retraction

26
Q

After spinal nerve is formed it divides into

A

Dorsal Ramus and Ventral Ramus

27
Q

Rami composed of the skin & muscle of the posterior body trunk.

A

Dorsal Rami

28
Q

Rami composed of skin and muscle of the anterior and lateral trunk (T1-T12)

A

Ventral Rami

29
Q

Formed from ventral rami of spinal nerves; supplies the limbs

A

Plexus

30
Q

Origin from C1-C5. Innervates phrenic nerve (diaphragm; skin & muscle of shoulder & neck)

A

Cervical Plexus

31
Q

Origin C5-8 and T1.Innervates the axillary, radial, median, musculocutaneous, and ulnar

A

Brachial Plexus

32
Q

Brachial Plexus innervates

A

Axillary c5-c6 (Deltoid, sensation to shoulder and superior thorax)
Radial c5-T1 (Triceps & wrist extensors, sensation to posterior upper limb)
Median c5- T1(wrist flexors; and sensation to the forearm)
Musculocutaneous C5-c7 (Arm flexors and sensation to lateral forearm)
Ulnar c8- t1 (Wrist flexors and most hand intrinsics and sensation to the hand)

33
Q

Origin L1- L4 innervates the femoral (Hip flexors and knee extensors and sensation to the anteromedial leg and thigh) and obturator (Adductors and sensation to the medial thigh)

A

Lumbar Plexus

34
Q

Origin L4-5 and S1-S4 Innervates
Sciatic nerve (Superficial & Deep) common fibular nerve ( Sural and plantar branches)
Superior Gluteal Nerve: L4,L5, S1 (gluteus medius and minimus)
Inferior Gluteal Nerve: L5, S1, s2 (gluteus maximus)

A

Sacral Plexus

35
Q

Largest nerve in the body and responsible for hip extensor and knee flexor. Gives sensation to lower trunk and posterior thigh

A

Sciatic Nerve

36
Q

Responsible for peroneals and gives sensation to lateral leg and foot

A

Common Fibular Nerve

37
Q

Innervates calf muscles and gives sensation to posterior leg and foot

A

Tibial Nerve

38
Q

Innervates gluteal muscles of the hip

A

Superior Inferior gluteal nerve

39
Q

motor subdivision of PNS that controls body activities automatically. Involuntary nervous system and regulated by the hypothalamus

A

Autonomic Nervous System

40
Q

Thorocolumbra Division. T1- L3 aka flight of fight response. Emergency response, stress response, excitement, exercise, adrenerguc response.

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

41
Q

Predominant neurotransmitter of Spsympathetic nervous system

A

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

42
Q

Craniosacral division. Cranial nerve 10, 9, 7, 3
Sacral Nerves- S2, S3, S4 (Urinary bladder) aka rest and digest; cholinergic response

A

Parasympathetic

43
Q

Predominant neurotransmitter of parasympathetic nervous system

A

Acetylcholine

44
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect in heart

A

S- High heart rate; cardiac output, stroke volume and force of contraction.
P- Low heart rate (CN10 involved)

45
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect in GI tract

A

S- lowers peristaltic activity
P- Increase in peristaltic activity, gastric juice secretion, salivation and pancreatic activity.

46
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect in Blood pressure

A

S- increase d/t periphera coronary artery dilation and vasoconstriction
P- low blood pressure

47
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect in respiratpry

A

S- Bronchodilation
P- Bronchospasm

48
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect in pupillary response

A

S- Mydriasis (pupil dilation)
P- Miosis (pupil constriction)

49
Q

What are the sympathetic and parasympathetic effect in urinary output

A

S - ejaculation (shoot)
P- erection (point)

Psychogenic : Sympathetic L1-L3
Reflexogenic : parasymoathetic S1-4

50
Q

SENSATION OF THE LEG

A

Anterior- Deep peroneal
Posterior- Tibial Division
Medial- Obturator
Lateral- Superficial peroneal

Anaphy (9 decks)

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