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Anaphy > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Is a system responsible for the production of gamete, fertilization, development and nourishment of a new individual, and production of sex hormones

A

Reproductive System

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2
Q

Process by which organisms produce offspring by making germ cells (gametes)

A

Sexual Reproduction

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3
Q

A specialized branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system

A

Gynecology

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4
Q

A golf ball sized structure and primary reproductive organ of male. Produces sperm (exocrine) and testorterone (endocrine)

Attached in the spermatic cord and covered by Tunica Albuginea

A

Testes

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5
Q

Masculinizing Hormone

A

Testosterone

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6
Q

Contents of Spermatic Cord

A

Vein, artery, and ductus deferens

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7
Q

The actual sperm- forming factories

A

Seminiferous Tubules (exocrine)

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8
Q

Produces androgens

A

Interstitial Cells (endocrine)

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9
Q

Parts of Duct System

A
  • Epididymis
  • Ductus Deferens (Vas Deferens)
  • Urethra
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10
Q

First part of duct system located in the posterior testes. A cup shaped convoluted tubule that functions as temporary storage (up to 20 days) of sperm (immature)

A

Epididymis

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11
Q

Aka Vas deferens. Runs superiorly from epididymis via spermatic cord and functions by propelling mature sperm from the epididymis into the urethra. (peristalsis)

A

Ductus Deferens

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12
Q

Surgical resection of the vas deferens. Sperm can no longer reach the exterior of the body.

A

Vasectomy

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13
Q

Last part of the duct system and also involved in urinary system. It carries both urine and sperm. (Has 3 regions)

A

Urethra

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14
Q

Give the 3 regions of Urethra

A

Prostatic Urethra
Membranous Urethra
Spongy (Penile) Urethra

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15
Q

region of urethra surrounded by prostate gland

A

Prostatic Urethra

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16
Q

region of urethra that spans the distance from the prostatic urethra to the penis

A

Membranous Urethra

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17
Q

region of urethra that runs within the length of the penis and opening the body exterior via the external urethral orifice

A

Spongy (penile) urethra

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18
Q

What sphincter is responsible so the sperm and urine do not go out at the same time?

A

Bladder Sphincter

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19
Q

Spongy tissue that fills with blood during sexual excitement

A

Erectile Tissue

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20
Q

A large and hollow gland located at the base of the urinary bladder. Produces 60% of the seminal fluid.

A

Seminal Vesicles

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21
Q

Secretion component of seminal vesicle

A
  • Sugar (fructose)
  • Vit C
  • Prostaglandins
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22
Q

Responsible for the nourishment and activation of the sperm that passes through the tract

A

Secretory component

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23
Q

Seminal Vesicle + Vas deferens

A

Ejaculatory Duct

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24
Q

Donut- shaped gland located in the anterior of the rectum. Functions by producing prostate fluid.

A

Prostate Gland

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25
Q

Milky and plays a role in activating the sperm

A

Prostate Fluid

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26
Q

Tiny pea-sized gland and located inferior to the prostate gland. Produces thick and clear mucus

A

Bulbourethral Gland

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27
Q

Where does the thick clear mucus of bulbourethral glands drain into?

A

Penile Urethra

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28
Q

Function of thick clear mucus bulbourethral gland produces

A
  • the FIRST to pass down the urethra when a man is sexually excited
  • CLEANSES the urethra from any trace of urine
  • serves as a LUBRICANT during sex
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29
Q

2 parts of External Genitalia

A
  • Scrotum
  • Penis
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30
Q

Divided sac of skin with sparse hair and acts as a “climate control system” for the testes.

A

Scrotum

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31
Q

Temperature of the scrotum

A

3°C lower than normal

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32
Q

Why is the temperature in scrotum lower than normal?

A

Viable sperm cannot be produced at normal body temparature

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33
Q

Has 3 parts and transports sperm to the female reproductive tract

A

Penis

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34
Q

3 parts of the penis

A
  • Shaft
  • Glans Penis
  • Prepuce/ Foreskin (Circumcision)
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35
Q

What is the cheif role of the male reproductive process?

A

Produce sperm and testosterone

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36
Q

Primitive stem cells in male

A

Spermatogonia

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37
Q

Sperm production. Starts during puberty and continues throughout life. Occurs in the seminiferous tubules.

A

Spermatogenesis

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38
Q

2 types of primitive stem cell in male

A

Type A- remain a stem cell
Type B- becomes primary spermatocyte that should undergo meiosis

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39
Q

primitive stem cell in male that remains as stem cell

A

Type A

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40
Q

primitive stem cell in male that becomes primary spermatocyte that should undergo meiosis (cell division between gametes)

A

Type B

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41
Q

In spermatogenesis, what are gametes called?

A

Spermatids

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42
Q

Has 23 chromosomes not functional and non motile

A

Spermatids

43
Q

Last stage of sperm development

A

Spermiogenesis

44
Q

What is the sperm content in spermiogenesis?

A
  • Head ( nucleus and compacted DNA
  • Midpiece
  • Tail (Filaments)
45
Q

breaks down and releases enzymes that helps the penetration of sperm to the egg capsule

A

Acrosome

46
Q

needed for the whiplike movement of the tail (flagella)

A

ATP

47
Q

How many days does it take for the process of sperm production and maturation?

A

64-72 days

48
Q

Life of the sperm

A
  • Spermatogonia (primitive)
  • Spermatocyte
  • Spermatid
  • Sperm
49
Q

produces testosterone (important hormonal product of the testes)

A

Interstitial Cells

50
Q

Functions of testosterone

A
  • Growth spurt
    -Maturation of reproductive organ
  • Underlies sex drive
  • Promotes the appearance of secondary sex characteristics
51
Q

What are the secondary sex characteristics?

A
  • Deepening of the voice
  • Increase in hair growth in axillary pubi and face
  • Skeletal muscle enlargement
52
Q

Male sexual stages

A
  1. Penile Erection
  2. Ejaculation
  3. Resolution
53
Q

Sexual stimulation and occurs when the corpora cavernosa muscle relaxes

A

Penile Erection

54
Q

2 causes of penile erection

A

Psychogenic stimuli - aroused by what they see (governed by limbic system)
somatogenic stimuli- aroused by touch

55
Q

Caused by heightened sexual experience (orgasm) and there is contraction of genital organs result in semen expulsion

A

Ejaculation

56
Q

Final stage and due to the contraction of corpora cavernosa

A

Resolution

57
Q

Milky white, sticky mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretion.

A

Semen

58
Q

Amount of semen propelled out

A

2-5 mL (50 - 150 million sperm in each milliliter)

59
Q

provides essentially all of energy fuel of sperm

A

Fructose in the seminal vesicle

60
Q

Sperm contains;

A
  • Liquid portion as transport medium
  • Sperms
  • Antiobiotic chemicals (destroy bacteria)
  • Relaxin
  • Enzymes that encrease sperm motility
  • Substance that inhibit an immune response in fem rep tract
61
Q

Much more complex than male

A

Reproductive role of female

62
Q

Produce the female gametes (ova) and nurture and protect a developing fetus during pregnancy

A

Female Reproductive System

63
Q

almond shape primary reproductive organ located lateral to the uterus. Produces egg cell and excretes estrogen and progesterone

A

Ovaries

64
Q

Part of the ovaries (internal)

A

Ovarian Follicles
Corpus Luteum

65
Q

Tiny sac like structure that has oocyte (follicle cell- covers the oocyte and in maturation it will develop antrum- fluid filled central region)

A

Ovarian Follicle

66
Q

ruptured follicle after ovulation

A

Corpus Luteum

67
Q

Oocyte ejection from the ovary every 28 days

A

Ovulation

68
Q

Parts of the duct system in female

A
  • Uterine tubes (Fallopian tube)
  • Uterus
  • Vagina
69
Q

Receives fertilized oocyte and also a site of fertilization. Located medial to each ovary and distal end connected to infundibulum. Has fimbriae

A

uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)

70
Q

How many days before oocyte enters uterus

A

3-4

71
Q

Viable time for oocyte

A

24 hours

72
Q

Fingerlike projection that partially cover each ovary upon expulsion

A

Fimbriae

73
Q

Pear shape organ that receives, retain, and nourish fertilized egg. Located between urinary bladder and rectum

A

Uterus

74
Q

Parts of the uterus

A
  • Body
  • Fundus
  • Cervix
75
Q

Parts of the uterine wall

A
  • Endometrium
  • Myometrium
  • Perimetrium
76
Q

Inner most layer where fertilization occurs. Wherein the embryo implants itself and resides there. Discarded every 28 days through the process of menstruation.

A

Endometrium

77
Q

Bulky middle layer that contracts rhythmically during childbirth

A

Myometrium

78
Q

Outermost layer aka visceral peritoneum

A

Perimetrium

79
Q

Aka birth canal and a femal organ for copulation (sex). Located between the bladder and rectum. A passageway for menstrual flow and infant delivery

A

Vagina

80
Q

Thin fold mucos at the distal vagina. Vascular and tends to bleed but its durability varies.

A

Hymen

81
Q

Reproductive structure found on the outside of the body. Aka Vulva

A

External Genitalia

82
Q

Components of external genitalia (vulva)

A
  • Mons pubis
  • Labia
  • Clitoris
  • Urethral and Vaginal orifices
  • Greater vestibular gland
83
Q

Fatty rounded area overlying pubic symphysis. Has pubic hair after puberty

A

Mons pubis

84
Q

2 parts of labia

A
  • Majora
  • Minora
85
Q

Two elongated hair covered skin folds. Posterior to mons pubis has vestibule and external urethral openings.

A

Labia Majora

86
Q

Two delicate hair free folds

A

Labia minora

87
Q

Small protrusion homologous to male penis and located to anterior vestibule

A

Clitoris

88
Q

Lubricates the distal end of the vagina during intercourse. located lateral to each side of vagina

A

Greater vestibular glands

89
Q

Diamond shaped region between anterior labial fold ends including the anus and 2 ischial tuberosities

A

Perineum

90
Q

starts in her 50s also called reproductive cessation

A

Menopause

91
Q

Stimulates estrogen (feminine effects, facilitates ca+) and progesterone (maintains pregnancy and prepares breast for milk production)

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

92
Q

process of new egg cell production

A

Oogenesis

93
Q

Female stem cells (fetus)

A

Oogonia

94
Q

Pushes into ovarian connective tissue forming primary follicles. Stays non fuctional for 10-14 years

A

Oocyte

95
Q

The monthly cyclic changes occurring in the ovary.

A

Ovarian Cycle

96
Q

Ovarian Cycle

A
  • FSH activated at puberty stimulates a small amount of 1 oocyte to grow and mature
  • Meiosis takes place will produce 2 oocyte (2nd oocyte -large and polar body- tiny)
  • Follicle contains the secondary oocyte (Vesicular Follicle Stage)
97
Q

Lower abdominal pain during ovulation due to the stretching of the ovarian walls. Happens when the follicle has matured from the vesicular follicle stage (14 days)

A

Mittelschmer

98
Q

Series of cyclic changes that the endometrium goes through monthly (28 days)

A

Uterine Cycle

99
Q

Sloughing off of the functional layer of thin endometrial lining.

A

Day 1-5 Menstrual Phase

100
Q

Average blood loss in menstrual phase

A

50-150 ml

101
Q

What day is the production of more estrogen by the ovarian follicles

A

Day 5

102
Q

Endometrium becomes velvety, thin, and well vascularized. Hormone involved Luteinizing hormone (triggers ovulation)

A

Day 6-14 proliferative phase

103
Q

Increased blood supply and nutrients in the endometrium that prepares itself for sustaining the developing embryo

A

Day 15-28 Secretory phase

104
Q

Phases of uterine cycle

A
  • 1-5 menstrual phase
  • 6-14 Proliferative phase
  • 15- 28 secretory phase

Anaphy (9 decks)

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