Urinary - Renal Failure

Question 1

-rapid deterioration
-accumulation of nitrogen-containing wastes in the blood
-urine-like of fishy breath
-many causes including radiographic contrast

Answer 1

Acute Renal failure

Question 2

-slow deterioration
-failure to clear nitrogen-containing wastes
-many causes

Answer 2

Chronic renal failure

Question 3

Excessive levels is UREA + CREATININE (waste products of protein metabolism)

Answer 3

UREMIA - has toxic effects on many body systems

Question 4

BUN

Answer 4

Blood, urea, nitrogen

Question 5

ARF
-decreased blood flow to kidneys
Due to:
-hemorrhage, dehydration, surgical shock, cardiac failure, renal artery obstruction

Answer 5

Prerenal failure

Question 6

ARF
-obstructed urine outflow of both kidneys
Due to:
-prostatic disease of bladder ovstruction

Answer 6

Postrenal failure

Question 7

What are some causes of ARF?

Answer 7

Kidney disease
-glomerulonephritis, bilateral acute pyelonephritis, severe hypertension
-nephrotoxic (contrast, anesthesia, heavy metals…)
-intravascular hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells)
-large amounts of myoglobin in the circulation resulting from muscle trauma or ischemia

Question 8

T/F
Urine output may decrease to less than 400mL per 24 hours with ARF

Answer 8

True
(Oliguria)

Question 9

What are the causes of CRF?

Answer 9

Chronic kidney dysfunction may reflect prerenal, postrenal, and intrinsic kidney disease
Underlying causes:
-bilateral urethral obstruction
-bilateral renal artery stenosis
-intrinsic disease - familial cystic diseasd

Question 10

Stenosis

Answer 10

Narrowing

Question 11

What are the manifestations of renal failure?

Answer 11

Nausea, diarrhea (GI irritation)

Drowsiness, dim vision, decreased mental ability, convulsions (nervous system)

Lower RBC count, less O2

Water retention

Pruritis- itchy skin and yellowish sallow colouring

Question 12

What is the modality of choice for renal failure?

Answer 12

US

*no contrast used

Question 13

T/F
IVU is unnecessary for renal failure because contrast media is used and poses a greater risk for patients

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the treatment for acute renal failure?

Answer 14

-treat predisposing condition
-diuretics to increase urine flow
-vasodilators to increase renal blood flow
-dietary modifications
-renal dialysis provides time for kidney to recover

Question 15

What is the treatment for chronic renal failure?

Answer 15

-slowing of destructive process
-correction of fluid imbalances
-dialysis and transplantation

Question 16

T/F
You should never put contrast through a dialysis port

Answer 16

True