GI - Liver & Biliary

Question 1

-most prevalent inflammatory disease of the liver
-most common cause of viral infection and reactions to drugs and toxins
-4 types

Answer 1

Hepatitis

Question 2

Hep
Self contained and has favourable prognosis
-from contaminated food and water

Answer 2

Hep A virus

Question 3

Hep
Healthcare workers are more susceptible; 90% recover without incident
-contact with infected body fluids

Answer 3

Hep B virus

Question 4

Hep
Common cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma; 50% will develop cancer
-IV drug use, not sterilized medical

Answer 4

Hep C virus

Question 5

Hep
Self limited and is acquired by the ingestion of food/water contaminated with fecal matter
-spread through blood to blood contact, unsafe sex and during childbirth

Answer 5

Hep E virus

Question 6

How is hepatitis seen on an image?

Answer 6

-nodules, enlargement of portal venous system
-irregular diffuse enhancement with I’ll defined margins

Question 7

-chronic, slow deterioration of liver tissue
-healthy tissue is replaced with scar tissue
-scar tissue blocks blood flow
-declined liver function
-stops processing nutrients, hormones, toxins
-stops production of bile and proteins

Answer 7

Cirrhosis

Question 8

What are common causes of cirrhosis?

Answer 8

Hep C, liver disease, alcohol, obesity, diabetes, heart failure…

Question 9

T/F
Cirrhosis can cause jaundice and ascites (fluid in peritoneal cavity)

Answer 9

True

Question 10

How does cirrhosis appear on an image?

Answer 10

-haziness in ascites
-nodules
-fatty infiltration in liver, portal vein involvement/obstruction, ascites

Question 11

Hepatocellular carcinoma
-usually presented as a solitary mass or small lesions
-most have underlying hepatocellular disease (cirrhosis)
-previously infused cells are more susceptible

Answer 11

Liver cancer

Question 12

What is the modality of choice for imaging liver cancer?

Answer 12

CT
-Tumours tend to invade hepatic portal and venous system

Question 13

-from many primary cancers
-most common malignant tumor of the liver
-terminal - palliative care

Answer 13

Hepatic metastasis

Question 14

-gallstones
-2 types: cholesterol stones (75%) and pigment stones
-genetic predisposition
-can result from decrease in bile salts
-can result from increased hepatic synthesis of cholesterol
-mostly radiolucent, only 20% contain enough calcium to be radiplaque

Answer 14

Cholelithiasis

Question 15

-inflammation of the gallbladder
-usually occurs after obstruction of the cystic duct by an impacted gallstone
-gallstones may injure mucosal wall allowing bacteria to enter

Answer 15

Cholecystitis