GI - Pancreas Flashcards
-inability of the body to sufficiently produce and/or properly use insulin
-can cause damage to organs, blood vessels and nerves
Diabetes mellitus
Increased levels of blood glucose
Hyperglycaemia
*requires insulin
Decreased levels of blood glucose
Hypoglycaemia
*requires sugar and carbs
-insulin dependent
-childhood
-auto immune disorder, destruction of beta cells so pancreas can not produce insulin
5–10%
Type 1
-Non insulin dependent
-after age 40
-resistance to insulins action
Pancreas fails to increase insulin
90-95%
Type 2
-GDM
-glucose intolerance during pregnancy
-usually goes away after birth
-increased risk of type 2 later
Gestational
Increased urination
Polyuria
Increased thirst
Polydipsia
Increased hunger
Polyphagia
How does diabetes appear on an image?
-artherosclerotic disease
-calcification of peripheral vessels (hands and feet)
-cholecystitis
-inflammatory process when protein and lipid digesting enzymes become activated and begin to digest the pancreas
-can extend into blood vessels, life threatening bleeding
-caused by excessive alcohol or gallstones that obstruct
Pancreatitis
-occurs suddenly, resolves in a few days
-can be life threatening
-mostly caused by cholelitiasis (stones passing through bile duct in pancreas)
-also caused by heavy alcohol consumption
Acute pancreatitis
-inflammation that does not heal or improve
-frequent intermittent injury
-leads to permanent damage
-30-40 years old
-caused by heavy alcohol consumption over years
-increased damage produces scar tissue
Chronic pancreatitis
What is visualized on an image of pancreatitis?
-enlarged pancreas
-calcifications
-pancreas is atrophic as a result of scar tissue
-distal dilation
-most common type are pancreatic adenocarcinas (90%)
-most common in male smokers
-can cause jaundice, pain…
Pancreatic cancer
What are the indirect consequences of pancreatic cancer?
-dilated pancreatic duct proximal to mass
-bile duct dilation
-“double duct” sign
-necrosis is RARE
How will pancreatic cancer present on an image?
-tumor mass (>2cm), irregular contour
-ducal dilation
*survival rate 2%
