Pathological Process Flashcards
Disease that results from the body’s reaction to a localized injurious agent
Inflammatory disease
Invasion by microorganisms
Infective disease
(Inflammatory)
Poisoning by biologic substances
Toxic diseases
(Inflammatory)
Overreaction of body’s own defences
Allergic diseases
(Inflammatory)
-dilation of arteries, capillaries, and venules
-leads to increased blood flow to the site of injury and increased heat and redness
Inflammatory reaction:
The earliest response to local injury
What are the 4 classifications of inflammation?
- Duration (acute or chronic)
- Etiology (infectious, chemical, physical, immune cause)
- Location (localized or widespread)
- Pathologic feature (serous, fibrinous, purulent)
Early stage of most inflammation
Ex. Pneumonia, viral infection of skin vesicles in herpes virus infection, joint swelling in rheumatoid arthritis
Serous inflammation
A form of inflammation which characterized by fibrin deposition. It may be acute, but more often it is a chronic response
Ex. Fibrinous pericarditis
Fibrinous inflammation
The presence of pyogenic bacteria leads to the production of pus (contains dead WBCs, inflammatory exudate and bacteria)
Ex. Purulent tracheobronchitis
Purulent inflammation
Formation of an ulcer over an area of inflammation
Ex. Ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative inflammation
A fibrous scar replaces the area of destroyed tissue with granulation tissue
Granulomatous inflammation
What does the granuloma consist of?
-lymphocytes
-epithelioid cells (macrophages)
-multinucleated giant cells
The scientific discipline concerned with cancer
Oncology
The uncontrolled growth of cells
Neoplasia
T/F
Not all neoplasms form tumors
True
Ex. Leukemia
Swellings, can be benign or malignant
Tumors
(Not all swellings are neoplasms)
Disease that results in new, abnormal tissue growth
Neoplastic disease
What are some examples of neoplastic disease?
-lesions
-benign neoplasms
-malignant neoplasms
-metastatic spread
Tumor cells invade/penetrate blood vessels, traveling as neoplastic embolism in the blood
Hematogenous spread
Major metastatic route of carcinomas, especially those of the lung and breast
Lymphatic spread
Occurs when neoplasms invade a natural body cavity (ex. A tumour of the GI tract may penetrate the wall of the gut, permitting metastases to enter the peritoneal cavity and implant at distant sites)
Seeding (diffuse spread)
Adeno
Gland
Angio
Vascular
Chondro
Cartilage
Fibro
Fibrous tissue
Hemangio
Blood vessels
Lipo
Adipose tissue
Myo
Muscle
Neuro
Nerve
Osteo
Bone
What are some EXOGENOUS (external) causes of cancer?
-chemical (cigarette smoke)
-physical (tar)
-biologic (viruses)
What are some ENDOGENOUS (internal) causes of cancer?
-oncogenes
-tumor suppressor genes not functioning properly (normal genes that slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or trigger apoptosis)
A gene that has the potential to cause cancer
Oncogenes
Diseases present at birth; result from genetic or environmental factors
Congenital disease
Caused by developmental disorders genetically transmitted from either parent to child through abnormalities of individual genes in chromosomes
Ex. Hemophilia (blood clotting disease)
Hereditary
Disease in which the body forms antibodies that injure patients own tissues
Autoimmune disease
T/F
Not all autoimmune diseases are hereditary, but a number are genetic
True
Disease caused by a deterioration of the body
-may occur following traumatic injury, regardless of age
-process of aging
-factors affecting the rate of aging
Ex. Atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis
Degenerative disease
Disease caused by the disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body
Ex. Endocrine disorders and disturbances of fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Metabolic disease
Disease that may result from mechanical forces such as crushing or twisting of a body part or from the effects of ionizing radiation on the body
Traumatic disease
