Urinary - Misc Flashcards
High blood pressure caused by:
-narrowing of the arteries that carry blood to the kidneys
-a part of total block of the arteries that supply blood to the kidneys
Renal hypertension
T/F
Renal hypertension is a treatable form of high blood pressure when properly diagnosed
True
Who does renal hypertension commonly affect?
Men and women 67 or older
What are the common manifestations of renal hypertension?
-high blood pressure that is not controlled on 3+ medications at their max dose
-high blood pressure at a young age
-stable high blood pressure that suddenly gets worse or is difficult to control
-sudden buildup of fluid inside the lungs, called pulmonary edema
What is a duplex ultrasound?
Regular ultrasound with colour added (doplar)
What imaging is done for renal hypertension?
Duplex US
shows blockage in the renal artery or blood moving through nearby arteries at a higher than normal speed
CTA or MRA
see the function of the kidneys with contrast media (only if kidneys can handle the contrast)
-when urine goes back up into the ureter from the bladder
-more common in infants and young children
Vesicoureteral reflux
VUR
T/F
Vesicoureteral reflux can affect one or both ureters
True
What are the manifestations of vesicoueteral reflux?
-UTI
-strong urge to pee
-pain or burning while urinating
-blood in urine or cloudy, stinky
-peering small amounts
-fever
-abdominal pain
What imaging procedures are done for vesicoureteral reflux?
-voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
-radionuclide cystogram (RNC)
-US
-Urodynamics
Contrast is introduced into the bladder, patient voids the contrast, fluoro is used to assess if contrast is being refluxed into the ureters
Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
Similar to VCUG - contrast is a radioactive material that is detected by a nuclear scan
Radionuclide cystogram (RNC)
Fluoro used to assess how well the bladder is collecting, holding and releasing urine
Urodynamics
What are the treatment options for vesicoureteral reflux?
-antibiotics (UTI, keep infection from moving to kidneys)
-deflux- gel like liquid injected near the opening of the ureter (creates a bulge)
-surgery - in severe cases where kidneys are being damaged
-increase in size of the prostate in middle age and elderly men due to hyperplasia (not hypertrophy)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Increase in the reproduction rate of cells
Hyperplasia
Increase in the size of cells
Hypertrophy
Prevalence in men of benign prostatic hyperplasia
-50% of men age 50
-75% by age 80
-40-50% of these patients, BPH becomes clinically significant
What are the manifestations of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
-increased urgency and frequency of urination
-incontinence
-nocturia - night time urination
-difficulty starting to void
-weak stream
-interrupted stream can lead to UTIs
What is the treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia?
Transurethral resection of prostate
TURP
