Urinary - Congenital/Hereditary Flashcards
-unilateral solitary kidney (only one kidney)
-rare
-associated with other anomalies
Renal agenesis
What is the cause of renal agensis (only one kidney)?
Failure of embryonic renal bud or renal vascular system to form
*ureter and half trigone are also missing
What happens to the remaining kidney when a person has renal agenesis?
Compensatory hypertrophy
-compensation for lack of other kidney
-often leads to renal hypertension and an adult
What is the diagnosis for renal agenesis?
CT
US
xray
(IV urogram and/or aortogram)
When one kidney must perform the work of two kidneys
-an acquired condition (with agenesis, hypoplasia, atrophy, nephrectomy)
-the ability is greatest in children
Compensatory hypertrophy
(Either 1 kidney is not working or only 1 kidney)
*seen in US
What is hypoplasia of the kidney?
Abnormally small
What is a nephrectomy?
Surgical removal of the kidney
-third kidney, small and has separate pelvis, ureter and blood supply
-may require removal due to secondary infections
-rare
Supernumerary kidney
-kidney found in location other than renal fossa (normal location)
-abnormally positioned kidney
Ectopic kidney
What are the various locations an ectopic kidney can be found?
-pelvic kidney (true pelvis)
-intrathoracic kidney (above diaphragm, very rare)
-crossed ectopia (two kidneys on the same side)
-horseshoe kidney (lower pole fusion)
How are the lower poles joined in a horseshoe kidney?
Joined by a band of normal renal parenchyma
-duplex kidney
-anomaly ranging from a bifid pelvis to completely double pelvis and ureter
Duplication
Both kidneys have two separate renal collecting systems that unite to form a single renal pelvis and ureter
Bifid pelvis
Two separate renal collecting systems with independent renal pelvis and double ureters
Double pelvis and ureter
T/F
Complete duplication can be complicated by obstruction or by vesicoureteral reflux with infection
True
T/F
Most renal anomalies are seen incidentally and require no treatment
Obstruction = stent
Infection = antibiotics
True
Why are horseshoe kidneys more prone to infections and calculi?
Due to stasis and reflux
What are the diagnostic steps for renal congenital anomalies?
- US (minimize radiation)
- Plain xray (IVU or tomography)
