Urinary Drugs

Question 1

Diuresis: definition, causes (3)

Answer 1

Increased urine production

Diuretic drug

Fluid intake above what body needs

Physiological process (normal or abnormal)

Question 2

Spironolactone: type of drug, effect, uses (2)

Answer 2

Potassium sparing diuretic

Antagonizes aldosterone

Treat hyperaldosteronism

CHF management

Question 3

Mannitol: type of drug, effect, uses (3)

Answer 3

Osmotic diuretic

Increased urine osmolality –> increases water excretion

Oliguric renal failure

Reduces intracranial pressure

Reduces intraocular pressure

Question 4

Mannitol: administration, caution

Answer 4

IV only

Can worsen the conditions it’s trying to treat, monitor hydration status, urine output, electrolytes closely

Question 5

Methionine: effect, use

Answer 5

Acidifies urine pH

Prevent struvite crystals and stones in small ruminants

Question 6

Ammonium Chloride: effect, use

Answer 6

Acidifies urine pH

Prevent struvite crystals and stones in small ruminants

Question 7

Potassium Citrate: effect, use

Answer 7

Alkalizes iron

Prevent calcium oxalate crystals and stones in SA

Question 8

Allopurinol: effect, uses (2)

Answer 8

Decreases production of uric acid

Prevent recurrence of ammonium urate uroliths

Treat gout in reptiles and birds

Question 9

Urinary Incontinence: causes (3)

Answer 9

UTI - abx

PU/PD from an underlying disease - tx underlying disease

Urethral sphincter incompetence - “spay incontinence” most common, life long tx

Question 10

Diethylstilbesterol (DES): what is it? effect, use, administration/dosage

Answer 10

Synthetic estrogen

Increased sensitivity of urethral sphincter to norepinephrine –> increases sphincter tone

Treat urethral sphincter incompetence in dogs

PO: daily induction phase, then q 4-7 days

Question 11

Diethylstilbesterol (DES): cautions (2)

Answer 11

Higher doses potentially toxic to bone marrow, can cause fatal aplastic anemia

Usual reproductive hormone cautions

Question 12

Estriol: brand name, what is it, effect, administration/dosing

Answer 12

Incurin

An estrogen

Increased sensitivity of urethral sphincter to norepinephrine –> increases sphincter tone

Treat urethral sphincter incompetence in dogs

PO: taper initial dosage to lowest effective dose q 24-48 hours

Question 13

Estriol: cautions (2)

Answer 13

Higher doses potentially toxic to bone marrow, can cause fatal aplastic anemia

Usual reproductive hormone cautions

Question 14

Atracurium: type of drug, effect, uses (2), cautions (2), reversible?

Answer 14

Competitive Non-Depolarizer

Paralytic agent

Provide complete muscle relaxation

Urethral obstruction in cats

Provide no analgesia

Respiratory paralysis can occur

Reversible

Question 15

Vecuronium: type of drug, effect, uses (2), cautions (2), reversible?

Answer 15

Competitive Non-Depolarizer

Paralytic agent

Provide complete muscle relaxation

Urethral obstruction in cats

Provide no analgesia

Respiratory paralysis can occur

Reversible

Question 16

Methocarbamol: effect, uses (2), side effect

Answer 16

Unknown method of actions

Reduce muscles spasms from:

Acute trauma/inflammation

Toxicities

Sedation, can be profound, o needs to monitor