Cardiac Drugs Flashcards
Inotrope
Affects the force of myocardial contraction
Chronotrope
Affects speed of heart rate
Dromotrope
Affects electrical conduction through the myocardial muscles
Vasodilator
Relaxes and widens blood vessels
Material, venous, or balanced
Inodilator
Positive inotrope and balanced vasodilator
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, ACE Inhibitor
Blocked conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Prevents vasoconstriction
Reduces Na+ and water retention
Diuretic
Increases the volume of urine –> reduces the volume of extracellular fluid
Arrhythmogenic
Causes cardiac arrythmias
Anti-arrhythmic
Converts cardiac arrhythmias to normal cardiac rhythms
Pimobendin: Brand name, Type, Effect, Use
Vetmedin
Inodilator
Improves tissue perfusion
Congestive Heart Failure treatment
Digoxin/Digitoxin: Type, Effects, Use
Cardiac glycoside, narrow therapeutic index
Weak positive inotrope
Anti-arrhythmic AND arrhythmogenic
Arrhythmia treatment, not common
Enalapril: Type, Use, Monitoring
ACE Inhibitor
CHF treatment
Decreases GFR, baseline BW rec before and during treatment
Benazepril: Type, Use, Difference from Enalapril
ACE Inhibitor
CHF treatment
Eliminated through kidneys AND liver, safer for pt with renal disease
Nitroglycerin: Effect, Use, Administration
Venous vasodilator
Emergency stabilization of critical CHF pt
Not suitable for chronic use, pt quickly develops tolerance
Transdermal on shaved/hairless skin
Wear gloves, cover applied area
Furosemide: Brand name, Effect, Use, Administration
Lasix
Loop diuretic: inhibits Na+ and Cl- reabsorption in the loop of Henle
CHF treatment
IV: emergency stabilization
PO: chronic management
Furosemide: Side Effects
PU/PD: feature and a bug
pt needs free access to water AT ALL TIMES, prone to dehydration
pt need to be seen if they stop eating (likely not drinking as well)
Hypokalemia: muscle weakness
Amlodipine: Effect, Use, Side effect
Arterial vasodilation
Systemic hypertension treatment
Hypotension
Hydralazine: Effect, Use, Side effect
Arterial vasodilation
Systemic hypertension
Hypotension
Antiarrhythmics: Mechanisms of action
Decreases myocardial excitability, stabilizes myocardial membranes
Beta-blocker sympatholytic
K+ channel blocker
Ca2+ blocker
Lidocaine: Effect, Use, Administration
Stabilizes myocardial membranes
Emergency treatment of ventricular arrhythmias
IV (bolus or CRI)
Lidocaine: Side Effects (3), Cautions (2)
Sedation
Respiratory depression
Seizures
Cats are very sensitive, require very low doses
Do not use lidocaine mixed with epinephrine
Diltiazem: Effect, Uses
Calcium channel blocker
Tachyarrhythmias
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Clopidogrel: Brand name, effect, use
Plavix
Inhibit platelet aggregation, reduces risk of thrombi formation
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy treatment in cats
