Urinary Catheters (ASAN002/20) Flashcards
Urinary Catheterisation
Main ‘types’ of urinary catheterisation:\nIntermittent\nIndwelling
Intermittent Urinary Catheterisation:
Where catheter is passed & then removed.
Indwelling Urinary Catheterisation:
Catheter is left in place for a period of time.
Reason for Urinary Catheterisation:
Obtain urine sample\nEmpty the urine bladder\nHydro propulsion\nIntroduce contrast media\nMaintain constant bladder drainage\nMonitor urine output
To obtain a urine sample:
Intermittent urinary catheterisation.\nSterile – for culture & sensitivity.\nWhen patient will not urinate & sample is required ASAP.\nWhen mid–stream sample is required.
To empty the urine bladder:
Intermittent urinary catheterisation.\nBefore abdominal, vaginal & urethral Sx.\nPrior to pneumocystogram.
Hydro propulsion:
When partial obstruction or inability to urinate but catheter can be passed.
To introduce contrast media:
E.g. Air for pneumocystogram
Maintain constant bladder drainage:
Indwelling catheter\nIn recumbent patients to prevent soiling & scalds.\nFLUTD cases – where patency & drainage are maintained until condition is controlled.\nPost bladder Sx to prevent over–distension / tension on the bladder.
To monitor urine output:
Patients in renal failure receiving IV fluids.\nIf dysuria / anuria / oliguria present & monitoring urine production is essential.
Types of Urinary Catheters
Canine Male Catheters\nBitch Catheters\nFeline Catheters
Canine Male Catheters:
Plastic dog catheter\nFoley Silicone Catheter
Plastic Dog Catheter:
Catheters are quite stiff – assists with placement.\nTwo drainage holes (one on either side) – situated behind rounded tip.\nMost commonly used for intermittent urinary catheterisation – can be indwelling too.\nIrritation & trauma can occur – due to rigidness of catheter.\nUse largest gauge appropriate for patient size (unless partial obstruction or stricture is present) – too small may allow urination around catheter & tip may bend on insertion (causing trauma to urethra).\nOften used for bitch catheterisation as rigidity makes placement easier – care must be taken to prevent trauma to urethra.
Foley Silicone Catheter:
Very flexible & smooth.\nIdeal for indwelling use.\nSmall inflatable balloon behind drainage holes at tip of catheter.\nOnce inserted, balloon is inflated with sterile saline & creates an indwelling catheter (doesn’t need to be sutured to skin).\nDog folley cath. designed same as bitch indwelling cath. – just longer in length.\nMade from inert silicone – causes no mucosal irritation.\nWire–guide stylet can be used to assist placement – can be easily placed in male dog without this.\nSilicone catheters can be re–used after correct sterilisation.
Bitch Catheters:
Silicone Indwelling Foley Catheter\nLatex Foley Indwelling Bitch Catheter\nTiemans Catheter
Silicone Indwelling Foley Catheter:
Shorter in length than the dog foley cath.\nPlacement requires the wire–guide stylet.\nBalloon is inflated once placed, creating an indwelling catheter.\nCost is major function in their limited use.\nOnly catheters that can be re–used once correctly sterilised.
Latex Foley Indwelling Bitch Catheter:
Much the same as silicone version.\nNot as expensive as made of latex.\nNot re–usable.\nProduced for human market.\nWill need to use stylet or guide to place in bitch due to flexibility.\nShould NOT be lubricated with petroleum–based ointments or lubricants (may damage latex & balloon may burst on inflation).
Teimans Catheters:
Designed for human males.\nPopular in vet med due to curved tip.\nCurved, moulded tip assists placement in urethral orifice.\nPlacement can still be difficult due to the softness & flexibility of cath.
Feline Catheters:
Flexible Nylon Cat Catheters\nJackson Cat Catheter\nSilicone Cat Catheter\nSlippery Sam Cat Catheter
Flexible Nylon Cat Catheters:
Made of a flexible grade of nylon.\nMore conventional type of cat cath.\nPrimarily used in male cats.\nSingle use only.\nBasically, shorter version of plastic dog catheter.
Jackson Cat Catheter:
Made of a flexible grade nylon.\ndesigned for male cats with FLUTD.\nFine metal stylet inside cath assists with placement (better control for insertion).\nStiffness also helps dislodge debris (e.g. crystals) in the urethra.\nStylet is removed once cath in place.\nHas provisions to allow suturing to prepuce.\nHas leur fitting to attach collection system.\nIdeal for indwelling use.\nShorter than other cat caths.
Silicone Cat Catheter:
Made with medical grade silicone.\nVery similar to Jackson cath.\nDistal side holes & proximal base are for suturing to prepuce. \nAlso comes with metal stylet.
Slippery Sam Cat Catheter:
Great for indwelling use.\nSmooth shaft facilitates ease of placement & minimal irritation to urethra.\nAvailable in longer lengths than other types. \nDistal base of cath allows suturing to prepuce.\nSuitable for use in both male & female cats.
Storage of Urinary Catheters:
Dry environment\nLaid flat without any pressure on top of them.\nLong drawer or box is ideal.\nCheck shelf–life frequently (esp. if not used often in clinic).\nHave appropriate stylet stored with catheter.
Urinary Catheter Cleaning:
Only Silicone catheters can be autoclaved. Reuse of other catheters is not recommended.\n\n\nCleaning Catheter:\nFlush cath with lots of cold water. Should be performed with force (use syringe) to remove debris from inside cath. \nCold water prevents coagulation of any proteins present in the cath.\nUsing a stylet (or similar), remove debris / blockage inside cath.\nFlush several times, first with cold water then with mild detergent.\nExamine exterior of cath & check for any holes, kinks or damage. Discard if any noted.\nCheck balloon inflates & viable.\nWash outside of cath with dilute disinfectant.\nDry in warm, dust–free environment. (Drying cabinet is ideal).
