IV Catheter Sites & Placement (ASAN002/11)

Question 1

Intravenous Site Selection

Answer 1

Considerations:\nPatient condition\nPatient’s Tx plan\nReason for Venous access\nAvailability of Catheter\nSkill of person placing catheter

Question 2

Site selection – Patient Condition:

Answer 2

Do they have any trauma?\nAre they dyspnoeic?– they will need minimal restraint therefore cephalic may not be appropriate.

Question 3

Site selection – Patient’s Tx Plan:

Answer 3

What is patient’s treatment plan?\nWill multiple types of fluids &/or medications be given?\nOr just IV fluids?\nHow long will catheter need to be in place?

Question 4

Site Selection – Reason for Venous Access:

Answer 4

Reason for access will affect type of catheter and placement.\nMultiple blood sampling.\nDuring Sx in case of emergency.

Question 5

Site Selection – Availability of Catheter:

Answer 5

You may not have required catheter on hand.\ne.g. Central lines are expensive & require expertise to place them.\nAlternative for high volumes of fluids – a large gauge over–the–needle catheter placed in jugular vein.

Question 6

Site Selection – Skill of Person Placing Catheter:

Answer 6

Expertise of person placing catheter will affect which vein and catheter they choose.

Question 7

Cephalic Vein

Answer 7

Most common vein used for IV catheter placement.\nEasily accessible & easy to see.\nCommonly placed in antebrachial part of cephalic vein. (between carpus & elbow, on cranio–medial aspect of limb)\nCephalic vein carries blood from the distal extremity to the jugular vein.

Question 8

Cephalic Vein – Suitable Catheters:

Answer 8

Butterfly\nOver–the–Needle

Question 9

IMAGE – Cephalic Vein

Answer 9

https://images.cram.com/images/upload-flashcard/70/20/82/34702082_m.png

Question 10

Saphenous Vein – Lateral

Answer 10

Used as alternative to cephalic vein when they are not accessible (trauma etc), or if cephalic vein has been used and no longer viable.\nRuns along the lateral (outside) of the hind limb.\nNot as large as cephalic vein.\nCan be difficult to secure catheter in place.\nSaphenous vein carries blood to the femoral vein.

Question 11

Saphenous Vein (Lat) – Suitable Catheters:

Answer 11

Butterfly\nOver–the–needle

Question 12

IMAGE – Lateral Saphenous Vein

Answer 12

https://images.cram.com/images/upload-flashcard/70/20/85/34702085_m.png

Question 13

Saphenous Vein – Medial

Answer 13

Runs along medial (inner) side of hind limb.\nGood vein for catheter placement but not often used.\nSecuring & maintaining catheter can be difficult.

Question 14

Medial Saphenous Vein – Suitable Catheters:

Answer 14

Butterfly\nOver–the–needle

Question 15

IMAGE – Medial Saphenous Vein

Answer 15

https://images.cram.com/images/upload-flashcard/70/20/94/34702094_m.png

Question 16

Jugular Vein

Answer 16

Travels along ventral aspect of neck in the muscular jugular groove, from mandible to shoulder.\nMuch larger vein than cephalic & saphenous.\nOften used for blood sampling & placing catheters in small patients. \nJugular vein drains blood from the head.

Question 17

Jugular Vein – Suitable Catheters:

Answer 17

Butterfly\nOver–the–Needle\nThrough–the–Needle (for central lines)

Question 18

IMAGE – Jugular Vein

Answer 18

https://images.cram.com/images/upload-flashcard/70/20/95/34702095_m.png

Question 19

Ear Vein

Answer 19

The marginal ear vein is used.\nCommonly used in small ‘pocket’ pets.\nSometimes used in dogs such as Bassett Hounds.\nUsed for blood sampling & IV catheter placement.

Question 20

Ear Vein – Suitable Catheters:

Answer 20

Butterfly\nOver–the–Needle (dependent on size of patient)

Question 21

IMAGE – Ear Vein

Answer 21

https://images.cram.com/images/upload-flashcard/70/20/96/34702096_m.png

Question 22

Tail Vein

Answer 22

Often used in small pets (pocket pets / rodents).\nUsed for blood sampling.\nSize of patient determines if a catheter can be placed or not.\nSpecific IV catheters are available for rodents.\nTail vein used for blood collection in large animals (e.g. Cattle).

Question 23

IMAGE – Tail Vein

Answer 23

https://images.cram.com/images/upload-flashcard/70/20/98/34702098_m.jpg

Question 24

Intravenous Catheter Placement\n– Patient Preparation

Answer 24

Ensure you are aware of any injuries or painful areas BEFORE positioning & restraining patient.\nCats & Sml–Med Dogs: Place on tx table & position in sternal recumbency.\nLarge Dogs: Often easier to have them sitting on the floor.\nHave all equipment ready & in reach.\nEnsure hands are clean & wear gloves if necesary.

Question 25

IMAGE – Cephalic placement of Butterfly catheter

Answer 25

https://images.cram.com/images/upload-flashcard/70/20/99/34702099_m.png

Question 26

IMAGE – Cephalic placement of Over–the–needle catheter pt 1

Answer 26

https://images.cram.com/images/upload-flashcard/70/21/01/34702101_m.png

Question 27

IMAGE – Cephalic placement of Over–the–needle catheter pt 2

Answer 27

https://images.cram.com/images/upload-flashcard/70/21/02/34702102_m.png