Transfusion Administration (ASAN002/18) Flashcards

1
Q

Product Preparation

A

General Tips:\nCheck product\nThawing & Heating\nGiving sets etc.

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2
Q

Check product to be used:

A

Check it’s the correct product you need.\nEnsure it’s ‘in date’ & correct colour & consistency.\nCheck it’s not damaged (bag split etc)

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3
Q

Thawing & Heating:

A

Frozen & refrigerated products – warm to 37℃ before administration.\nWarm gently – excessive heating will damage proteins, clotting factors & O² carrying capacity of RBC’s.\nPlace product in plastic bag when thawing – to prevent contamination of product. (e.g. if bag is split but not obvious on initial inspection).

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4
Q

Administering Blood Products:

A

Always administer via blood admin set – has filter that removes debris &/or clots formed during storage.\nMake note of product ID – e.g. blood group, donor, time etc.

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5
Q

Routes of Administration:

A

Intravenous\nIntraosseous\nIntraperitoneal

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6
Q

Intravenous

A

Ideal route of administration for blood & blood products.\nUse the largest bore catheter for patient size – facilitate flow of blood or blood product (depending on product being transfused).\nIV admin ensures 100% rapid absorption.\nFlow rate can be changed as required (ie. if signs of reaction occur – infusion can be stopped immediately).

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7
Q

Intravenous – Administration:

A

DO NOT administer blood or blood products with HARTMAN’S – haemolysis will occur.\nUse 0.9% NaCl if crystalloids are to be administered with product. \nAlways use a filtered giving set – removes any micro thrombi that may have formed.

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8
Q

Intraosseous

A

Preferred route in neonate & paediatric patients – due to small size of both patients and veins. \nRoute enables 95% of RBC’s to be in the peripheral circulation within 5 mins of administration.\nInfusion rate can be controlled & changed as required.

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9
Q

Intraperitoneal

A

Not recommended for administration of blood or blood products.\nActual absorption rate is very low & rate of admin cannot be monitored or changed.

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10
Q

Time & Rates for Transfusions

A

Blood transfusions should be completed within 4hrs – to prevent bacterial contamination.\nOnly 0.9% Saline should be used for dilution of blood products.\nNo medications or additives should be added to transfusions.

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11
Q

FWB & SWB infusion rate in HYPOVOLAEMIC patients:

A

Up to 20ml/kg/hr

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12
Q

FWB & SWB infusion rate in NORMOVOLAEMIC patients:

A

5 – 10ml/kg/hr

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13
Q

FWB & SWB infusion rate in patients with CARDIAC DISEASE or RENAL FAILURE:

A

2ml/kg/hr

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14
Q

Increasing PCV calculation:

A

When you administer:\n2.2ml blood/kg, PCV will ↑ by 1%.

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15
Q

Transfusion Rate guidelines:

A

Transfusions should always be started at a slow rate under constant monitoring patient – observe any signs of reaction.\nInitial rate started at 0.25ml/kg for 15 – 30 mins, then ↑ rate.

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16
Q

If blood is administered to Tx acute haemorrhage:

A

Volume lost by patient should be estimated & replaced rapidly.

17
Q

Formula generally used when calculating the amt of blood required to correct ↓ PCV:

A

Volume required = \nDesired PCV – Recipient PCV \n÷ Donor PCV x Recipient blood volume.

18
Q

Total Blood Volume in L:

A

Can be estimated as approx. 8% of bodyweight (kg) = 80ml/kg

19
Q

Example – Calculating Blood Volume required:

A

https://images.cram.com/images/upload-flashcard/71/59/51/34715951_m.jpg

20
Q

Calculation #1:

A

Remember:\n2.2ml/kg of blood will ↑ PCV by ∽ 1%\n\n\n(32.5kg BW) x (2.2ml/kg/1%↑PCV) x (10% ↑ PCV)\n= 715mls of blood

21
Q

Calculation #2:

A

Remember:\nVolume req = (desired PVC – recipient PCV) ÷ donor PCV x recipient blood volume.\nApprox. 8% of dogs BW(g) is blood (mls)\n\nCalculated blood volume of patient\n= 32,500gms x 8% = 2600gms = 2600mls\n\n\n(30% – 20%) ÷ 42% x 2600mls = 619mls of blood required.

22
Q

Same Calculation for FWB can be used for PRBC’s:

A

The PCV of the PRBC’s is used instead of donor PCV.

23
Q

IMAGE – Summary of Dosage Guidelines

A

https://images.cram.com/images/upload-flashcard/72/87/42/34728742_m.jpg