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Anatomy > Urinary and Reproductive Systems > Flashcards

Urinary and Reproductive Systems Flashcards

1
Q

functions include filtering blood plasma of metabolic wastes, electrolyte/water homeostasis, and forming urine (filtrate)

A

kidney

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2
Q

the medial portion of the kidney where the blood vessels, nerves and ureter enter/exit the kidney

A

hilus

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3
Q

blood vessels that branch from the aorta and inferior vena cava, renal artery and vein

A

renal vessels

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4
Q

the surrounding protective layer of the kidney

A

capsule

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5
Q

lighter colored outer portion of the kidney subjacent to the capsule, contains the glomerulus, proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

A

renal cortex

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6
Q

darker inner portion of the kidney, contains the renal pyramids, the nephron loops and the collecting (papillary) ducts

A

renal medulla

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7
Q

cone-shaped masses of tissue in the medulla containing the collecting ducts, the base faces the capsule

A

renal pyramid

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8
Q

the internally pointed bottom portion of the renal pyramids usually lighter in color projects into the calyces

A

papilla

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9
Q

cup-shaped drain which collects urine discharged from papilla

A

minor calyx

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10
Q

formed by the union of several minor calyces; channels urine to renal pelvis

A

major calyx

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11
Q

runnel shaped region formed by the uniting of several major calyces; collects and funnels urine to the ureter

A

renal pelvis

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12
Q

a microscopic structure, it forms the function unit of excretion and forms urine by filtering metabolic waste from the blood

A

nephron

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13
Q

transports blood to the glomerulus for filtration

A

afferent glomerular arteriole

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14
Q

a capillary plexus located between afferent and efferent arterioles that produces a filtrate yet prevents the passage of platelets and proteins into the glomerular capsule

A

glomerulus

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15
Q

the blood vessel through which plasma platelets and proteins and blood cells are transported form the glomerulus to the renal vein and ultimately to the heart

A

efferent glomerular arteriole

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16
Q

located in the cortex, the structure surrounding the glomerulus and associated with proximal convoluted tubule

A

glomerular capsule

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17
Q

the that part of the renal tubule that is associated with the glomerulus, responsible for reabsorption of water, nutrients and electrolytes

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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18
Q

composed of a descending loop and an ascending loop, responsible for reabsorption of water and electrolytes

A

nephron loop (loop of Henle)

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19
Q

the distal coiled part of the nephron, empties into the collecting duct

A

distal convoluted tubule

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20
Q

receives urine from distal convoluted tubules of several nephrons, delivers urine to the calyces

A

collecting (papillary) duct

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21
Q

tubes form the hilus of each kidney that transport urine to the urinary bladder

A

ureter

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22
Q

a distendable sac for storage of urine, composed of four tissue layers specialized for stretching

A

urinary bladder

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23
Q

triangular region on the posterior side of the bladder formed by the two ureter openings and a single urethral opening

A

trigone

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24
Q

a small tube that externally transports urine from the urinary bladder to the urethral orifice

A

urethra

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25
Q

an involuntary, smooth muscle surrounding the urethra directly inferior to the bladder prevents urine from leaving the bladder

A

internal urethral sphincter

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26
Q

a voluntary, skeletal muscle in the floor of the pelvis (urogenital diaphragm)

A

external urethral sphincter

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27
Q

external opening of the urethra

A

urethral orifice

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28
Q

diamond-shaped area between the thighs; circumscribed by pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities, and coccyx

A

perineum

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29
Q

a compartment external to the pelvic cavity that supports and protects the testes

A

scrotum

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30
Q

distinct ridgelike seam at the midline of the scrotum; extends anteriorly to penis and posteriorly to anus

A

raphe

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31
Q

divides the scrotum into two compartments, one for each testis

A

median septum

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32
Q

smooth muscle within the wall of the scrotum, functions involuntarily to maintain the temperature of the testis about three degrees below normal body temperature, ensuring normal spermatogenesis

A

dartos muscle

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33
Q

skeletal muscle located in the spermatic cord and surrounding the testis, is continuous with the internal abdominal oblique muscle, elevates testis

A

cremaster muscle

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34
Q

paired oval shaped organ located within the scrotum for sperm and hormone production

A

testis

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35
Q

a fibrous connective tissue layer that directly covers the testis

A

tunica albuginea

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36
Q

coiled sperm producing tubes within the lobules of the testis

A

seminiferous tubules

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37
Q

convey sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis

A

efferent ductules

38
Q

a convoluted tube that acts as a storage area for spermatozoa to mature, then transports them to the vas deferens, located on the posterior, superior portion of the testis

A

epididymis

39
Q

a tube that transports sperm form the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct then joins with the duct leading from the seminal vesicle

A

ductus (vas) deferens

40
Q

a connective tissue cord that runs from the testis through the inguinal ring of the inguinal ligament consisting of ductus deferens, cremaster muscles, testicular arteries, veins and nerves

A

spermatic cord

41
Q

a ligament that extends form the crest of the ilium to the pubic tubercle

A

inguinal ligament

42
Q

an opening in the inguinal ligament that allows the spermatic cord to pass through the abdominal wall

A

inguinal canal

43
Q

located behind the urinary bladder, its secretion combines with sperm being transported by the ductus deferens; secretes fructose, vitamin C and prostaglandins

A

seminal vesicle

44
Q

gland located inferior to the urinary bladder, surrounding the upper part of the urethra; secretions liquify sperm upon ejaculation

A

prostate

45
Q

approximately one-inch long tube formed by the union of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle duct

A

ejaculatory duct

46
Q

small paired gland located beneath the prostate gland, secretes mucus into the urethra

A

bulbourethral gland

47
Q

tube that transports either urine from the bladder or semen form reproductive glands

A

urethra

48
Q

first part of the urethra that passes through the prostate gland

A

prostatic urethra

49
Q

middle part of the urethra that traverses the urogenital diaphragm

A

membranous urethra

50
Q

the last and longest part of the urethra located in the body of the penis

A

spongy urethra

51
Q

a cylindrical organ attached to the pubic arch, made of erectile tissue that becomes engorged with blood for copulation

A

penis

52
Q

the enlarged terminal portion of the penis, formed by the corpus spongiosum

A

glans

53
Q

continuous skin covering the glans, removed by circumcision

A

prepuce

54
Q

composed of three chambers of erectile tissue

A

body

55
Q

paired columns of erectile tissue located dorsally within the penis

A

corpora cavernosa

56
Q

one located in each of the corpora cavernosa; supply erectile bodies with blood

A

deep arteries

57
Q

midventral erectile tissue that surrounds the spongy urethra

A

corpus spongiosum

58
Q

one deep, one superficial, drain blood from penis

A

dorsal veins

59
Q

paired almond shaped organ lateral to uterus that produces the ova and secretes estrogen and progesterone

A

ovary

60
Q

a fibrous connective tissue layer that surrounds the ovary

A

tunica albuginea

61
Q

ciliated projections of the distal uterine tube that cover the lateral portion of the ovary

A

fimbriae

62
Q

paired elongated duct through which ova are transported from ovary to the uterus, usual site of fertilization

A

uterine tube (oviduct)

63
Q

the organ in which implantation of the fertilized egg occurs, its wall is composed of three layers

A

uterus

64
Q

outermost covering of the uterus

A

perimetrium

65
Q

the thick middle layer of the uterus which is shed during menstruation

A

myometrium

66
Q

the inner mucosal layer of the uterus which is shed during menstruation

A

endometrium

67
Q

specific layer of the endometrium that replenishes that endometrium after menstruation

A

stratum basalis

68
Q

specific layer of the endometrium that degenerates during menstruation

A

stratum functionalis

69
Q

the round superior portion of the uterus

A

fundus

70
Q

the larger main part of the uterus

A

body

71
Q

the narrow inferior part of the uterus surrounding the external os

A

cervix

72
Q

cervical opening of the uterus into the vagina, dilates during delivery

A

external os

73
Q

passes anterolaterally from the uterus to the abdominal wall, through the inguinal canal, and terminate in the labia majora

A

round ligament of the uterus

74
Q

a tube inferior to the uterus, the opening of which lies posterior to the urethra and anterior to the anus

A

vagina

75
Q

transverse ridges of the internal vaginal lining that permit stretching of the birth canal

A

vaginal rugae

76
Q

external opening of the vagina, partially covered by the hymen

A

vaginal orifice

77
Q

masses of erectile tissue are situated deep to the labial skin

A

vestibular bulbs

78
Q

pea sized glands located on each side of the vagina, deep to labia majora, provide lubrication during sexual arousal

A

vestibular glands

79
Q

refers to the external female genitalia

A

vulva

80
Q

the fatty part of the female external genitalia overlying the pubic symphysis

A

mons pubis

81
Q

part of the female external genitalia lateral to the vagina opening and continuous with the mons pubis

A

labia majora

82
Q

hairless longitudinal folds of skin located medial to the labia majora

A

labia minora

83
Q

erectile tissue anterior to the urethral orifice in the female

A

clitoris

84
Q

fold of skin that surrounds and protects the glands of clitoris

A

clitoral hood

85
Q

the elongated space enclosed by the labia minora, contains urethral and vaginal openings

A

vestibule

86
Q

diamond shaped region inferior to pelvis containing anal, vaginal and urethral openings

A

perineum

87
Q

site of milk production and secretion

A

breast

88
Q

secretory structures within the breasts, function in females during lactation

A

mammary glands

89
Q

passageway for milk from the alveoli of the mammary gland to the nipple

A

lactiferous duct

90
Q

the central projection of the breast through which the lactiferous ducts exit, comprised partly of erectile tissue

A

nipple

91
Q

a pigmented region of the breast that surrounds the nipple

A

areola

92
Q

sebaceous glands that form bumps in the areola surrounding the nipple

A

areolar glands

Anatomy (12 decks)

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