Heart and Arteries Flashcards
space in the medial thoracic cavity between the two pleural cavities in which the hear and other organs are located
mediastinum
outer, dense connective tissue layer of pericardium
fibrous pericardium
protective sac that encloses the heart
perietal pericardium
space between parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium (epicardium), contains lubricating fluid
pericardial cavity
the outer covering in the heart
epicardium (visceral pericardium)
the innermost lining of the heart
endocardium
the muscle layer of the heart, causes the heart to contract
myocardium
membrane that partitions the two atria
interatrial septum
myocaridal tissue that partitions the two ventricles
interventricular septum
inferior pointed portion of the heart
apex
receives blood from head and upper body and drains into the right atrium
superior vena cava
receives blood from the legs and trunk and drains into the right atrium
inferior vena cava
return deoxygenated blood from the myocardium to coronary sinus
coronary veins
large vessel on the left posterior heart between atria and ventricle, receives venous blood from the coronary veins and drains into the right atrium
coronary sinus
superior chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus
right atrium
anterior part of the atrium, flap like extension
right auricle
muscular ridge within both auricles and anterior walls of the atria
pectinate
located between right atrium and right ventricle, prevents backflow into the right atrium during ventricular contraction
right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve
right inferior portion of the heart, sends blood to the pulmonary trunk
right ventricle
ridges of muscle in the endocardium of the ventricles
trabeculae carneae
small muscles that fasten the chordae tendineae to the ventricular wall
papillary muscle
strands of connective tissue that holds the valves in position while the heart is contracting
chordae tendineae
prevents backflow of the blood from the pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle during ventricular relaxation
pulmonary semilunar valve
a large vessel on the anterior superior portion of the heart that recieves blood form the right ventricle and directs it to lungs via the pulmonary arteries
pulmonary trunk
paired branches of the pulmonary trunk that direct deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated
pulmonary arteries
two vessels from each lung that return oxygenated blood to the heart’s left atrium
pulmonary viens
receives blood form the lungs via the pulmonary veins
left atrium
anterior part of the atrium, flap like extenstion
left auricle
located between atrium and ventricle on the left side, prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium during ventricular contraction
left atrioventricular (bicuspid, mitral) valve
composed of an unusually thick myocardial wall for contraction against high pressure
left ventricle
three half-moon shaped cusps that prevent backflow of blood from the aorta to the relaxed left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
receives blood from the left ventricle
ascending aorta
vessels that branch immediately from the ascending aorta, supply blood to the myocardium
coronary arteries
curved portion of the aorta that extend superior and posterior to the pulmonary trunk
aortic arch
portion of the aorta that decends from the aortic arch and continues inferiorly until it divides into the common iliac arteries
descending aorta
first branch of the aortic arch, unpaired vessel originating from the aortic arch that supplies blood to the right arm and head through the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries
brachiocephalic trunk (artery)
middle branch originating from the aortic arch, supplies the left side of the neck and head through the external and internal carotids
left common carotid artery
the last branch of the aortic arch, supplies the left upper limb through the axillary artery
left subclavian artery
one of two branches of the brachiocephalic trunk, delivers blood to right side of head and neck
right common carotid artery
paired artery located anterior to internal carotid artery, divides into arteries such as the facial artery that supply all structures of head except brain
external carotid artery
paired artery located posterior to the external carotid, enters the skull via the carotid canal of the temporal bone, supplies the orbit and cerebrum
internal carotid artery
located inferior to the clavicle, supplies upper limbs through axillary artery; the right subclavian artery is one of the two branches of the brachiocephalic trunk
right subclavian artery
paired, originates form the sublavian arter, passes through the transverse foramen and the foramen magnum, forms the basilar artery
vertebral artery
paired artery originating form the subclavian artery descending down the posterior side of the rib cage
internal thoracic artery
continuation of the subclavian artery, it passes through the armpit region and gives rise to the deep brachial and brachial arteries
axillary artery
continuation of the axillary artery, this artery descends the medial side of the humerus then branches into the radial and ulnar arteries
brachial artery
a branch of the brachial artery that descends the radial side and supplies the forearm
radial artery
a branch of the brachial artery that descends the ulnar side and supplies the forearm
ulnar artery
supply the intercostal muscles, arterial branches of the internal thoracic artery
intercostal artery
short vessel arising from the aorta inferior to the diaphragm, divides into three branches
celiac trunk
supplies the spleen
splenic artery
supplies the stomach
left gastric artery
supplies the liver, branches into right gastric and gastroduodenal arteries
common hepatic artery
a branch from the descending aorta inferior to the celiac trunk, supplies the majority of the small intestine and part of the large intestine
superior mesenteric artery
paired branch of the descending aorta that supplies the kidneys
renal artery
paired lateral aortic branch that supplies the adrenal glands
suprarenal artery
paired branch of the descending aorta at the L-2 level that supplies the gonad of the male/female
gonadal artery
branch of the descending aorta located immediately superior to the bifurcation into the common iliac arteries, supplies part of the large intestine and the rectum
inferior mesenteric artery
four paired branches off the posterior side of the descending aorta, supply lumbar muscles and spinal cord
lumbar artery
a branch of the descending aorta, supply the region of the sacrum and coccyx
middle (median) sacral artery
bifurcation of the descending aorta, supplies lower extremities and divides into the internal and external iliac arteries
common iliac artery
deep branch of the common iliac artery that supplies the genital organs and gluteal muscles of the pelvic region
internal iliac artery
superficial branch of the common iliac artery that continues as the femoral artery
external iliac artery
continuation of the external iliac artery after it transverses the inguinal ligament, supplies the muscles of the thigh
femoral artery
a branch of the femoral artery that supplies the posterior thigh muscles
deep femoral artery
continuation of the femoral artery in the region of the posterior knee, supplies the knee joint, divides into posterior and anterior tibial arteries
popliteal artery
derived from the popliteal artery, supplies the extensor muscles of the lower leg, ankel and dorsal side of the foot
anterior tibial artery
supplies the flexor and peroneal muscles of the lower leg, sole and toes
posterior tibial artery
