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Anatomy > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

consists of the auricle and external auditory meatus

A

external ear

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2
Q

the pinna or fleshy part of the ear whose cartilaginous framework gives it shape fro capturing sound waves

A

auricle

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3
Q

a tube approximately one inch long that directs sound waves from the external environment to the tympanic membrane

A

external auditory meatus

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4
Q

contains the auditory ossicles and associated structures within the tympanic cavity

A

middle ear

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5
Q

a membranous structure separating the middle and external ear, vibrates in response to sound waves

A

tympanic membrane

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6
Q

three small bones of the middle ear that receive vibrations from the tympanic membrane and transmit them to the oval window

A

auditory ossicles

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7
Q

most lateral ossicle, the head of which is rounded, attached to the tympanic membrane

A

malleus

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8
Q

middle ossicle, has a wide body and is “y” shaped

A

incus

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9
Q

most medial ossicle that attaches to the oval window

A

stapes

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10
Q

a skeletal muscle that runs along the auditory tube and inserts on the malleus, its action protets the hearing receptors of the inner ear by reducing possible movement of bone.

A

tensor tympani muscle

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11
Q

membranous partition between the middle and inner ear to which the stapes wone attaches; relays soundwaves to the vestibular duct

A

vestibular (oval) window

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12
Q

membranous partition covering a circular opening between the inner and middle ear and inferior to the oval window.

A

cochlear (round) window

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13
Q

an elongated tube that joins the tympanic cavity of the middle ear with the nasopharynx; opening it equalizes the pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane necessary for it to function properly, allows for easy passage of bacteria and infection thus earaches and sore throats go together frequently

A

auditory (eustachian) tube

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14
Q

composed of a bony labyrinth cavity that houses the cochlea and vestibule

A

inner ear

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15
Q

a branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve VIII that arises from the hair cells of the vestibule of the inner ear, transmits impulses of balance to the brain

A

vestibular nerve

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16
Q

bony, tube-like structures connected to the vestibule with each canal lying in one of the three planes of space; respond to rotational movement and maintain balance

A

semicircular canals

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17
Q

a spiral tube whose inner ear chamber is divided into three compartments

A

cochlea

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18
Q

a branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve VIII that arises from the spiral organ of Corti which transmits impulses of hearing to the brain

A

cochlear nerve

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19
Q

superior chamber of cochlea that receives sound waves from the oval window; filled with perilymph

A

scala vestibuli

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20
Q

within the cochlea, this membrane separates the scala vestibuli from the cochlear duct

A

vestibular membrane

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21
Q

inferior chamber of the cochlea filled with perilymph

A

scala tympani

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22
Q

floor of cochlear duct, separates cochlear duct form scala tympani

A

basilar membrane

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23
Q

fluid contained within the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani of the cochlea

A

perilymph

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24
Q

the middle chamber of the cochlea filled with endolymph and contains the spiral organ of Corti, the fuctional unit for sensory response to sound vibrations

A

cochlear duct

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25
Q

fluid contained in the cochlear duct

A

endolymph

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26
Q

functional unit of hearing, located within the cochlear duct, contains cochlear hair cells and supporting cells

A

spiral organ of corti

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27
Q

serve as sound receptors in the basilar membrane

A

cochlear hair cells

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28
Q

located within the cochlear duct, associated with the tips of the hairs of the organ of corti

A

tectorial membrane

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29
Q

composed primarily of skeletal muscle attached to the hyoid bone, it pushes food against the palate to turn it into a bolus

A

tongue

30
Q

connects the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity

A

lingual frenulum

31
Q

provides a rough surface on the tongue for manipulating food, taste buds are intermingled with the papillae

A

papillae

32
Q

the smallest and the most numerous papillae found on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

filiform papillae

33
Q

intermediate size papillae scattered among the filiform papillae

A

fungiform papillae

34
Q

the largest of the papillae located on the back of the tongue

A

circumvallate papillae

35
Q

moveable eyelid bearing eyelashes to prevent objects from injuring the eye

A

palpebrae

36
Q

the muscle that elevates the upper eyelid, origin is the orbit

A

levator palpebrae superioris

37
Q

located within the upper and lower eyelids, secrete oily fluids that prevent the eyelids from sticking together

A

tarsal glands

38
Q

located superior and slightly lateral to the eye, secretes fluid (tears) that contains an enzyme that prevents infection

A

lacrimal gland

39
Q

several small ducts that drain lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal glands into the conjunctival sac of the upper eyelids

A

excretory lacrimal ductules

40
Q

fleshy elevation within the medial angle of the eye that produces a whitish secretion

A

caruncle

41
Q

tiny opening in the superior and inferior palpebrae at the outer edge of the medial angle; allows tears to drain from the eyes into the lacrimal canals

A

lacrimal punctum

42
Q

drain tears form medial angle of eye to nasolacrimal duct

A

lacrimal canals

43
Q

sac located in the medial orbital walls that receives lacrimal fluid directly form the lacrimal canals

A

lacrimal sac

44
Q

drains fluid form the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity

A

nasolacrimal duct

45
Q

located beneath the levator palpebrae superioris; adducts, elevates, and medially rotates eye

A

superior rectus

46
Q

muscle that passes through the trochlea and inserts on the posterolateral surface of the eye; abducts, depresses and medially rotates eye. Innervated by trochlear nerve IV.

A

superior oblique

47
Q

a looplike structure on the inner, upper part of the orbit of the eye through which the superior oblique muscle passes.

A

trochlea

48
Q

muscle located on the medial side of the eye; adducts eye

A

medial rectus

49
Q

muscle located on the inferior part of the eye; adducts, depresses and laterally rotates eye

A

inferior rectus

50
Q

muscle located on the inferior side of eye; abducts, elevates and laterally rotates eye

A

inferior oblique

51
Q

muscle located on the lateral side of the eye; abducts eye. Innervated by abducens nerve VI

A

lateral rectus

52
Q

outermost, white layer of the eye

A

sclera

53
Q

a protective mucous membrane hat lines the inner surface of the eyelid and white outer surface of the eye

A

conjunctiva

54
Q

the transparent fibrous covering of the anterior portion of the eye, allows light to enter eye

A

cornea

55
Q

the middle layer of the wall of the eye, containing blood vessels that supply the other avascular layers of the eye

A

choroid

56
Q

the enlarged anterior portion of the choroid that contains smooth muscle and attaches to and controls the shape of the lens by way of suspensory ligaments; posterior to the iris

A

ciliary body

57
Q

fibers that bridge between the ciliary muscle and the lens of the eye

A

ciliary zonules (suspensory ligament)

58
Q

colored, smooth muscular extension of the choroid that regulates the diameter of the pupil

A

iris

59
Q

jagged margin between the photosensitive posterior region of the retina and the nonphotosensitive anterior region of the retina that covers ciliary body

A

ora serrata

60
Q

opening in anterior part of eye surrounded by iris; allows light to enter eye

A

pupil

61
Q

located posterior to the iris and pupil, refracts light, focuses visual objects on the fovea centralis and other part of the retina

A

lens

62
Q

sensory membrane located in the innermost layer of the wall of the eye, contains rods and cones for photoreception

A

retina

63
Q

area with an abundance of cones that surrounds the fovea centralis

A

macula lutea

64
Q

a small region in the retina where cones are concentrated for highly efficient vision, located in the center of the macula lutea

A

fovea centralis

65
Q

region of the eye where the optic nerve enters and photoreceptors are absent, known as the “blind spot”

A

optic disc

66
Q

transmits impulses form the retina to the brain

A

optic nerve II

67
Q

the portion of the anterior segment located between the iris and the cornea, filled with aqueous humor

A

anterior chamber

68
Q

the portion of the anterior segment located between the iris and the lens, filled with aqueous humor

A

posterior chamber

69
Q

fluid that fills the anterior and posterior chambers, this fluid helps maintain intraocular pressure

A

aqueous humor

70
Q

the posterior segment of the eye located between the posterior side of the lens and retina, filled with vitreous humor

A

vitreous chamber

71
Q

viscous fluid that fills the vitreous chamber of the eye, provides intraocular pressure

A

vitreous humor

Anatomy (12 decks)

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