Urinary and digestive systems

Question 1

Mastication

Answer 1

Chewing of food

Question 2

Peristalsis

Answer 2

Squeezing/moving food along the digestive tract

Question 3

Digestion

Answer 3

breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients in blood

Question 4

Metabolism

Answer 4

production of cellular energy (ATP)
-cellular respiration

Question 5

Carbs

Answer 5

Monomer: monosaccharides
Element: CHO
-main fuel for cells (energy) short term quick
-glucose fructose bread starch

Question 6

Lipids

Answer 6

Monomer: fatty acid
Element: CHO
-triglycerides, fats oils
-Long term energy (storage)

Question 7

Proteins

Answer 7

monomer: amino acids
Element: CHON
-enzymes, hair, bone, antibodies

Question 8

Nucleic acid

Answer 8

Monomer: nucleotides
Element: CHONP
-DNA RNA
-DNA is blueprint of proteins

Question 9

How do we get our energy from food

Answer 9

food we eat has chemical energy stored in
it.
-the energy is released by breaking the food down in digestion
-chemical-mechanical
-chemical-thermal

Question 10

Alimentary Canal

Answer 10

pathway by which food enters the body and solid waste are expelled

Question 11

Organs for the tract

Answer 11

-mouth
-pharynx
-esophagus
-stomach
-small intestine
-large intestine
-anus

Question 12

Accessory organs “add ons”

Answer 12

-salivary glands
-teeth
-pancreas
-liver
-gallbladder

Question 13

Oral cavity

Answer 13

digestion begins here

Question 14

Tongue

Answer 14

Attached To hyoid and skull
-smash food -taste food (gustatory) - moving food MECHANICAL

Question 15

Hard palate

Answer 15

BUMPY
Forms the anterior roof- smashing

Question 16

Soft palate

Answer 16

forms the posterior roof-guides food down esophagus

Question 17

Uvula

Answer 17

hangs down back of soft palate

Question 18

Teeth

Answer 18

role is to masticate (chew)

Question 19

Salivary glands

Answer 19

CHEMICAL DIGESTION
-produce saliva
-AMYLASE: breaks down starches

Question 20

Pharynx

Answer 20

passageway for food and air

Question 21

Epiglottis

Answer 21

routes food and water toward the esophagus
-keeps moving food to esophagus via peristalsis- pushing

Question 22

Esophagus

Answer 22

runs from pharynx through the diaphragm
-pushes food by peristalsis
-passageway for FOOD ONLY

Question 23

Sphincters

Answer 23

circular guard muscles
-regulate entrance and release of material

Question 24

Stomach

Answer 24

MECHANICAL DIGESTION
-churns, mixes, stores food
-produce HCI and PEPSIN- break down of proteins (denature)
-CHYME:processed food mash

Question 25

Blood- hepatic portal circulation

Answer 25

blood leaving digestive organs is cleaned by the liver and dumped in the vena cava

Question 26

Food homeostasis contol

Answer 26

Vagus nerve

Question 27

Brain part regulates and amplifies hunger signals?

Answer 27

Medulla oblengte and hypothalamus

Question 28

Rugae of mucosa

Answer 28

Folds in the stomach -helps increase surface area

Question 29

Liver

Answer 29

largest internal organ -Bile: breaks down fats into smaller fats - 500 functions- blood clotting, toxin removal, protein synthesis, metabolism etc. -connected to gallbladder via HEPATIC DUCT

Question 30

Gallbladder

Answer 30

Sac found in fossa of liver -stores bile (breaks down fats) from the liver -bile is introduced into duodenum in presence of fatty foods

Question 31

Irrhosis

Answer 31

lived becoems fatty and scarred etc.

Question 32

Pancreas

Answer 32

produces pancreatic fluid that breaks down all categories of food! -pancreatic fluid is secreted into duodenum -BREAKS DOWN pretty much every bio molecule

Question 33

Small intestine

Answer 33

Villi and microvilla: allow nutrient absorption into the blood-increase surface area -20 ft -held in place by mesentery (CT)

Question 34

3 parts of Small intestine

Answer 34

-duodenum (attached to tummy and curves around head of pancreas) -jejunum (attaches anteriorly to duodenum) -Ileum (extends from jejunum to large int.)

Question 35

large intestine

Answer 35

COLON -ileocecal valve allowed chyme to enter -water absorption center -helpful bacteria- feed on fiber/water -vitamins B and K -thicker and shorter

Question 36

Vitamin B

Answer 36

Helps digest and utilize food energy

Question 37

Vitamin C

Answer 37

fight infection help build collagen

Question 38

Mammillary glands

Answer 38

Secret milk

Question 39

Rectum

Answer 39

Stores waste until released

Question 40

Anus

Answer 40

excretes waste from body