skeletal system

Question 1

vitamins for bones

Answer 1

vitamin a
vitamin c
vitamin d

Question 2

vitamin a

Answer 2

helps make white blood cells and shape bones

Question 3

vitamin c

Answer 3

fight infection and helps build collagen

Question 4

vitamin d

Answer 4

helps gather calcium and phosphorus

Question 5

skeletal cartilage

Answer 5

AVASCULAR no blood vessels or nerves
flexible and strong
surrounded by perichondrium (membrane) which in dense irregular ct that resists outward expansion

Question 6

hyaline cartilage

Answer 6

hyaline: support, flexibility, resilience.
MOST ABUNDANT
present in articular, intercostal, respiratory and nasal

Question 7

elastic cartilage

Answer 7

stretchy not strong.
contains elastic fibers.
found in external ear, epiglottis/larynx and vocal cords

Question 8

fibro cartilage

Answer 8

highly compressed w great tensile strength.
found in menisci of the knee and in intervertebral discs

Question 9

3 types of skeletal cartilage

Answer 9

hyaline
elastic
fibrocartilage

Question 10

articular cartilage

Answer 10

covers ends of long bones

Question 11

intercostal cartilage

Answer 11

connects ribs to the sternum (inside ribs)

Question 12

respiratory cartilage

Answer 12

makes you larynx and reinforces air passages

Question 13

nasal

Answer 13

supports the nose

Question 14

appositional

Answer 14

growth from the perichondrium (outside wall) inwards toward the middle
-> <-

Question 15

interstitial

Answer 15

chondocytes (cartilage cells) divide and grow w/in matrix and expand from middle

Question 16

calcification

Answer 16

solidification with calcium salts of cartilage occurs
-during normal bone growth
-during old age

Question 17

axial skeleton

Answer 17

bones of the skull, vertebral column and rib cage
-down middle

Question 18

appendicular skeleton

Answer 18

bones of the upper and lower limbs, shoulder and hip
-attachments

Question 19

long bones

Answer 19

longer than they are wide
ex. hand feet tibia humerous

Question 20

short bones

Answer 20

-cube shaped bones of the wrist and ankle
-bones that form within tendons
ex.patella

Question 21

flat bones

Answer 21

thin flattened, and a bit curved
ex.rib bones and most skull bones

Question 22

irregular bones

Answer 22

bones w complicated shapes
ex.vertebral and hip bones

Question 23

function of the bones

Answer 23

support
protect
movement
mineral storage
blood cell formation

Question 24

compact bone

Answer 24

dense outer layer

Question 25

spongy bone

Answer 25

honeycomb of trabeculae (divider) filled with YELLOW MARROW

Question 26

short, irregular, and flat bones

Answer 26

-thin plates of the periosteum)covered compact bone) on the outside w endosteum (covered spongy bone) on the inside
-No epiphysis and diaphysis
-yellow marrow between trabeculae

Question 27

red marrow

Answer 27

-only in long bones
-creation of red blood cells, platelets and most white blood cells

Question 28

yellow marrow

Answer 28

-FAT storage
-mesenchymal stem cells that differentiate into fat,cartilage, and bone
(stem cells can turn into what they want from differentiation by gene activation)

Question 29

diaphysis

Answer 29

MIDDLE
-tubular shaft that forms the axis (middle) of long bones
-composed of compact bone that surrounds the medullary cavity (thick outer part)
-yellow bone marrow is in the medullary cavity

Question 30

epiphysis

Answer 30

expanded ENDS “knuckles”
-exterior is compact bones, interior is spongy
-joint surface is cover w ARTICULAR HYALINE CARTILAGE

Question 31

what separates the diaphysis and epiphysis

Answer 31

growth plate

Question 32

articular cartilage

Answer 32

covers the surface of the epiphysis
decreases friction at the joint surfaces

Question 33

periosteum

Answer 33

-double layered protective membrane
-bundle of cells that form protective layer
-around the bone/ protect

Question 34

nutrient foramina

Answer 34

where nerve fibers, blood and lymphatic vessels enter the bone

Question 35

sharpeys fibers

Answer 35

secure the periosteum to underlying bone

Question 36

endosteum

Answer 36

delicate membrane covering internal surfaces of bone
(separates different tissues)
(surround outside of the cavity)