Tissues Test Flashcards
Collections of cells and extracellular materials that perform specific functions.
Tissue
Epithelial tissues
- Found throughout body, covers all body surfaces both inside and outside
- main glandular tissue (secretion)
-Usually are avascular- (no blood supply) - cells reproduce quickly - diffusion of nutrients/ rapid healing
- Cells tightly packed together
Functions of epithelial tissue
Protect, secrete, absorb, excrete, sensory perception
Parencyma
Tissue that PERFORMS the epithelial organs function
Stroma
Tissue that SUPPORTS the organs function
Lumen
Outside of cell network, typically exposed to the world around them! The light!
Basement membrane
Thin, fibrous, extracellular matrix of tissue that separates the lining of an internal and external body surface from underlying connective tissue
Flat
Squamous
Square
Cuboidal
Rectangular
Columnar
Single
Simple
Multiple
Stratified
Simple squamous
Single layer (simple) of thin flattened cells (squamous)
Function: diffusion and filtration
Found: air sacs of the lungs, walls of capillaries.
Simple columnar
Single layered, cube shape cells
Function: secretion and absorption
Found: Lining of kidney tubules, ducts/glands, covering surface of ovaries
Simple columnar
Single layer, elongated cells with their nuclei in the same position (usually near basement membrane)
Function: secretion and absorption ; slower
Found: lining of the digestive tract and uterus
Goblet cells functioning in the secretion of MUCUS
Microvilla
Tiny finger like processes from their free surface… Increase surface for absorption
cilia
Help w movement of particles
Stratified squamous
Multi layer, squamous cells.
Functions: protection!
Found: lining body cavities like skin, mouth, anus, and vagina
Pseudostratified columnar
Appear “stratified” but really a single layer with uneven nuclei giving the appearance of layered cells.
Usually ciliated, contains goblet cells!
Function: secretion and cilia-aided movement
Location: lining air passages and tubes of the reproductive system
Transitional epithelium
Thick layered cuboidal cells.
Contract and stretch to form a barrier to block diffusion (no leaking) and block infection
Found: lining of urinary bladder and genital tract
Move from one shape to another!
Connective tissue
Most abundant tissue in the body, found throughout every system
-binds structures together
-provides support, protection, framework, fills space, stores fat, produces blood cells, fights infection, and helps repair tissue!
-composed of more scattered cells w abundant intracellular and extracellular material (building material)
-made up of ground substances
-most has a good blood supply
-cells reproduce over various time frames (quick to basically never)
3 Common types of cells
Mast Cells; prevents blood clots; promotes inflammation
Macrophages (phagocytic) SCAVENGERS white blood cell EAT things
Fibroblasts (most abundant, produce protein fibers) Creates fibers
Collagenous fibers
Found in high amounts of collagen… major STRUCTURAL protein in the body, thick, made of protein collagen, appear long parrellel bundles. STRONG not very elasti, also known as white fibers (Large part of bones, tendons, and ligaments) -holds together!
Elastic fibers
Microfibrils in protein elastin, yellow fibers. Not as strong but very FLEXIBLE! (Vocal cords and ear drums)
Loose connective tissue or AREOLAR tissue
Binds skin to organs, organs to organs, space between muscles, throughout body
GREATEST QUANTITY
Adipose tissue
FAT… beneath skin, around kidneys and eyeballs, abdominal membranes
Function: PROTECT, INSULATION to preserve heat, cells are called adipocytes
Fibrous
Dense and closely packed, thick collagenous fibers and fine network of elastic fibers
Tendons
Connect muscles to bones
Ligaments
Connect bones to bones
Hyaline Cartilage
Very fine white fibers. Most common type of cartilage-covers the ends of bones and joints, nose, respiratory passages. Model for bone growth
Elastic cartilage
More flexible and elastic, external ear and larynx (vocal cords) BENDS
Fibro cartilage
Very dense, large numerous collagenous fibers. Can withstand lots of pressure
Location: intervertebral and menisci
Bone Tissue
Osseous tissue… rigid due to salt mineralization
Layers- lamellae, Haversian canals, osteocytes
Blood tissue
Circulates throughout the body, transportation of nutrients and waste
Reticuloendothelial
Immune phagocytes — destruction of large quantities of toxins and other particles
Location: spleen and lymph nodes like tonsils
+Garbage disposal; eats things that aren’t supposed to be there
Muscle tissue… skeletal (bones)
Voluntary- attached to bone striated (muscle filaments overlap)
Looks like meat
Muscle tissue…. Smooth Muscle
Involuntary movement— Cannot control
Hollow organs… gastrointestinal tract, stomach, urinary tract, and uterus
Muscle tissue… cardiac muscle
Wall of the heart
Intercalated disc- allows electrochemical impulses to be conveyed
Nervous tissue
Found in brain, spinal cord, nerves
Neurons
Transmit signals, electrochemical signals
Neuroglia (glial)
Protection, support, help w immunity
Support cells
