respiratory system Flashcards
order??? inhalation
nose-nasal cavity-pharynx-larynx-trachea-bronchi-bronchioles- alveoli
NNPLTBBA
nose
passageway into and out of the respiratory system…breathe air in and out and travels to the pharynx
pharynx
THROAT air, food drink flow into it. common passageway… break into 2 tubes
esophagus
leads to the stomach
larynx
leads to lungs
part of the throat that has vocal cords
VOICE BOX
elastic cartilage
create sound
trachea
WIND PIPE
passageway for air traveling from larynx to the lungs
produce mucus to protect dirt
goblet cells
pseudostratified columnar
bronchi
carries air rest of way to lungs; branches into bronchioles
bronchioles
branch to form tiny air sacs (alveoli)
alveoli
tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS
epiglottis
separates larynx and esophagus
(route food away from wind pipe to stomach (esophagus) )
nasal mucus membrane
warms
moistens air
filters and traps bad things
WARM, MOISTEN, FILTER
hypoxia
region in body doesn’t contain OXYGEN or lacks
need oxygen for
cellular respiration- glucose and oxygen break ATP bond
how we inhale
external intercostal muscles & diaphragm CONTRACT-volume in lungs increase and the pressure decreases inside the cavity- air enters…. thoracic cavity expands
how we exhale
diaphragm, ribs and sternum return to resting position- volume of lungs decrease and pressure increases- air is pushed out of cavity
oxygen and carbon inhale and exhale
INHALE- high oxygen goes into body
EXHALE- carbon dioxide air comes out (low oxygen)
H-L diffusion
what does PONS do
(old brain) intensity/speed of involuntary respiration (stretch receptors in pulmonary muscles)
what does medulla oblengata do
responds to pH changes in blood
HIGH CO2-carbonic acid forms-lowers pH
O2 sensors in the aorta and carotid arteries
what does vagus nerve do and phrenic nerve
HOMEOSTASIS and impulses to the diaphragm and pulmonary muscles
phrenic (hiccups) (breathing/relaxing-resets it)
what does primary motor cortex do
initiating voluntary breathing
how oxygen is carried in blood
attach to hemoglobin
dissolved in plasma
systemic veins-pulmonary artery to lungs
how carbon is carried through blood
-transported from the body cells back to the lungs as BICARBONATE ions- formed when CO2 combines w H2O
-carbaminohemoglobin… co2 binds to hemoglobin (given up o2)
-dissolved in plasma
goes through systemic arteries and pulmonary veins
buffers
chemical systems that resists the swings of pH (large swings) of body fluid
Keeps steady
