biochem & cells

Question 1

carbohydrates

Answer 1

FUEL FOR BODY (short term energy)
monomer- monosaccharide
elements- CHO
ex. glucose, starch

Question 2

Lipids

Answer 2

AKA FATS (insulation, protection)
monomer- fatty acids
CHO (less oxygen)
ex. steroids, cholesterol

Question 3

Proteins

Answer 3

Structure and immunity
monomer- amino acid
CHON
ex. ENZYMES, Support, Transport

Question 4

Nucleic acid

Answer 4

stores genetic info
monomer-nucleotide
CHONP
ex. DNA & RNA

Question 5

homeostasis

Answer 5

keeps body stable/ balanced

Question 6

negative feedback

Answer 6

stops directional flow
keeps body within normal levels/ range

Question 7

positive feedback

Answer 7

pushes body away from homeostasis
enhances directional flow (everything coming out)
ex. vomit, birth

Question 8

Buffers

Answer 8

Keeps stable pH of body fluid
(stops things from going to high or low)

Question 9

ATP

Answer 9

Stores energy for cells to do work!
(to get energy we have to break the bond to remove the last phosphate.)

Question 10

hierarchy of cells

Answer 10

atoms-molecules-cells-tissue-organ level-organ system
(amc tigers orbit os)

Question 11

protein synthesis

Answer 11

process cells use to create protein!
DNA-RNA-Protein
We need protein to have structure, energy, muscle etc.

Question 12

role of genetics in body

Answer 12

.carry info needed by body to make certain proteins
.instructions
( all cells have dna without dna our cells couldn’t function and they would die) A permanent change in DNA is a mutation.
(our genetics/ DNA keeps our cells healthy and alive and gives them their jobs)

Question 13

chemical bonds

Answer 13

Form elements together and allow them to function and form bonds.

Question 14

influencing rate of CHEMICAL REACTIONS?

Answer 14

temp
pressure
concentration
particle size
catalyst

Question 15

major element of basic biology

Answer 15

CHON
carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen

Question 16

mutagen

Answer 16

causes change to DNA or causes rapid division

Question 17

mixtures

Answer 17

components, physically, intermixed and not chemically bonded
ex.bloodcells

Question 18

solution

Answer 18

homogeneous mixture
ex. urine electrolytes

Question 19

organic compounds

Answer 19

CARBON
large, share electrons

Question 20

inorganic compounds

Answer 20

NO CARBON

Question 21

Monomers

Answer 21

Small molecules

Question 22

Polymers

Answer 22

Long chains
Ex.carbon chain

Question 23

Synthesis

Answer 23

COMBINING atoms/molecules.
Anabolic=energy taken in

Question 24

Decomposition

Answer 24

BREAKING apart molecules.
Catabolic=energy released

Question 25

Exchange reaction

Answer 25

Bonds made/broken to exchange parts
(Displacment)

Question 26

Sequence of amino acids

Answer 26

Amino acid-polypeptide-protein

Question 27

Enzymes & Catalyst

Answer 27

Speed up reactions

Question 28

DNA

Answer 28

Double stranded
Provides instructions for protein

Question 29

RNA

Answer 29

Single stranded
Helps with protein synthesis.

Question 30

Gene expression

Answer 30

Cell specialize by producing specific sets of proteins.

Question 31

Cell death

Answer 31

Lack of oxygen, DNA damage
1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis

Question 32

Electrolytes

Answer 32

Conduct electrical current in solution

Question 33

Where do we get energy

Answer 33

CELLULAR RESPIRATION.. We use oxygen and glucose to get energy from ATP… we have to break the last bond to get the energy from ATP. (energy gets released)

Question 34

denaturation

Answer 34

protein unfolds and loses 3D shape. (no longer function)
causes: decrease in pH, increase in Temp
CHANGE IN STRUCTURE=CHANGE IN FUNCTION

Question 35

necrosis

Answer 35

cell explodes (external) lack of oxygen

Question 36

apoptosis

Answer 36

cell shrinks (internal) DNA damage

Question 37

cellular respiration

Answer 37

need glucose and oxygen…
sugars are converted to chemical energy (ATP)
Releases energy into ATP

Question 38

4 things cells do during their life in order to be “normal functioning” ?

Answer 38

Homeostasis
Cellular respiration
Cell cycle
Die