biochem & cells Flashcards

1
Q

carbohydrates

A

FUEL FOR BODY (short term energy)
monomer- monosaccharide
elements- CHO
ex. glucose, starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lipids

A

AKA FATS (insulation, protection)
monomer- fatty acids
CHO (less oxygen)
ex. steroids, cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Proteins

A

Structure and immunity
monomer- amino acid
CHON
ex. ENZYMES, Support, Transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nucleic acid

A

stores genetic info
monomer-nucleotide
CHONP
ex. DNA & RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

homeostasis

A

keeps body stable/ balanced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

negative feedback

A

stops directional flow
keeps body within normal levels/ range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

positive feedback

A

pushes body away from homeostasis
enhances directional flow (everything coming out)
ex. vomit, birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Buffers

A

Keeps stable pH of body fluid
(stops things from going to high or low)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ATP

A

Stores energy for cells to do work!
(to get energy we have to break the bond to remove the last phosphate.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

hierarchy of cells

A

atoms-molecules-cells-tissue-organ level-organ system
(amc tigers orbit os)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

protein synthesis

A

process cells use to create protein!
DNA-RNA-Protein
We need protein to have structure, energy, muscle etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

role of genetics in body

A

.carry info needed by body to make certain proteins
.instructions
( all cells have dna without dna our cells couldn’t function and they would die) A permanent change in DNA is a mutation.
(our genetics/ DNA keeps our cells healthy and alive and gives them their jobs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chemical bonds

A

Form elements together and allow them to function and form bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

influencing rate of CHEMICAL REACTIONS?

A

temp
pressure
concentration
particle size
catalyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

major element of basic biology

A

CHON
carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

mutagen

A

causes change to DNA or causes rapid division

17
Q

mixtures

A

components, physically, intermixed and not chemically bonded
ex.bloodcells

18
Q

solution

A

homogeneous mixture
ex. urine electrolytes

19
Q

organic compounds

A

CARBON
large, share electrons

20
Q

inorganic compounds

21
Q

Monomers

A

Small molecules

22
Q

Polymers

A

Long chains
Ex.carbon chain

23
Q

Synthesis

A

COMBINING atoms/molecules.
Anabolic=energy taken in

24
Q

Decomposition

A

BREAKING apart molecules.
Catabolic=energy released

25
Exchange reaction
Bonds made/broken to exchange parts (Displacment)
26
Sequence of amino acids
Amino acid-polypeptide-protein
27
Enzymes & Catalyst
Speed up reactions
28
DNA
Double stranded Provides instructions for protein
29
RNA
Single stranded Helps with protein synthesis.
30
Gene expression
Cell specialize by producing specific sets of proteins.
31
Cell death
Lack of oxygen, DNA damage 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis
32
Electrolytes
Conduct electrical current in solution
33
Where do we get energy
CELLULAR RESPIRATION.. We use oxygen and glucose to get energy from ATP... we have to break the last bond to get the energy from ATP. (energy gets released)
34
denaturation
protein unfolds and loses 3D shape. (no longer function) causes: decrease in pH, increase in Temp CHANGE IN STRUCTURE=CHANGE IN FUNCTION
35
necrosis
cell explodes (external) lack of oxygen
36
apoptosis
cell shrinks (internal) DNA damage
37
cellular respiration
need glucose and oxygen… sugars are converted to chemical energy (ATP) Releases energy into ATP
38
4 things cells do during their life in order to be “normal functioning” ?
Homeostasis Cellular respiration Cell cycle Die