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Clinical Microscopy > Urinalysis - Macroscopic Examination > Flashcards

Urinalysis - Macroscopic Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Urine Average Daily Output

A

1200 - 1500 ml
600-2000 ml

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2
Q

Major ORGANIC Component

A

Urea

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3
Q

Major INORGANIC Component

A

Chloride

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4
Q

Routine Analysis - Specimen Collection

Capacity: ______
Required Volume: _______
Average Volume: _______

A

Specimen Collection

Routine Urinalysis - Capacity: 50 mL
Required Volume: 10 - 15 mL
Average Volume: 12 mL

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5
Q

Drug Analysis - Specimen Collection

Capacity: ______
Required Volume: _______
Average Volume: ______
Temperature: ______
Adulterant: ______

A

Drug Analysis - Specimen Collection

Capacity: 60 mL
Required Volume: 30 - 45 mL
Average Volume: 37.5 mL
Temperature: 32.5 - 37.7 C; checked within 4 minutes
Adulterant: Water, Methylene Blue

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6
Q

After collection specimen should be delivered and processed within ____ hours

A

2 hours

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7
Q

Increased - Changes in Unpreserved Urine
Mnemonics: phaBaON

A

pH
Bacteria
Odor
Nitrite

*Darkened Color

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8
Q

Least affected analyte in Unpreserved urine

A

Protein

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9
Q

Routine Method of Urine preservation

A

Refrigeration (2C - 8C)

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10
Q

Preserves Protein, and used for Culture & Sensitivity

A

Boric Acid

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11
Q

Best Sediment preservative and used for Addis Count

A

Formalin

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12
Q

Preservative that prevent glycolysis and used for Drug Analysis

A

Sodium Fluoride

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13
Q

Preservative in Cytology Studies

A

Saccomano Fixative

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14
Q

Specimen in Routine Urinalysis

A

Random Urine Specimen

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15
Q

Ideal Specimen for Routine UA & Pregnancy Test, Crystal identification

A

First Morning Urine

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16
Q

Used for Evaluation for Orthostatic Proteinuria

A

First Morning Urine

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17
Q

Most sterile specimen

A

Suprapubic Needle Aspiration

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18
Q

Sterile Specimens used for Culture

A

Midstream Clean Catch
Catheterized
Suprapubic

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19
Q

Specimen for Addis Count

A

12 hr Urine Specimen

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20
Q

Specimen for Urobilinogen

A

2 hr specimen (2pm - 4pm)

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21
Q

Specimen for Nitrite

A

4 hr specimen

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22
Q

Specimen for Glucose or Diabetic monitoring

A

2nd morning or Fasting

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23
Q

3 Glass Collection

A

Prostatitis specimen

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24
Q

Negative Control for Prostatitis specimen

A

Tube 2

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25
Q

Interpret:

Tube 2 - High Bacteria

A

UTI
Invalid Test

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26
Q

Interpret:

Tube 3 - 10x higher bacteria than Tube 1

A

Prostatic Infection

27
Q

Major Urine Pigment

28
Q

Oxidation product of Urobilinogen

29
Q

Pink pigment

A

Uroerythrin

30
Q

Dar Yellow Urine

A

Concentrated
Dehydration

31
Q

Orange Urine with Yellow Foam/Tea colored urine

32
Q

Orange Urine (viscous) with Orange Foam

A

Phenazopyridine

33
Q

Portwine Urine

A

Porphyrins

34
Q

Green Urine

A

P. aeroginosa
Phenol

35
Q

Black Urine

A

Methemoglobin (Acidic)
Melanin (exposed to air exposure)
Homogentisic Acid (Alkaline)

36
Q

Cloudy Red Urine

A

Intact RBC

37
Q

Clear Red Urine

A

Hemoglobin

38
Q

Normal Urine Odor

39
Q

Odorless

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis

40
Q

Caramelized sugar, curry, maple syrup

41
Q

Ammoniacal/Pungent

A

Old Urine , UTI

42
Q

Mousy/musty

A

Phenylketonuria

43
Q

Rancid Odor

A

Tyrosinemia

44
Q

Cabbage/hops

A

Methionine malabsorption

45
Q

Sweaty feet/Acrid:

A

Isovaleric/Glutaric acidemia

46
Q

Bleach

A

Contamination

47
Q

No visible particles

48
Q

Hazy

A

Few particulates, Print easily seen

49
Q

Many particulates, Print turbid

50
Q

Turbid

A

Print cannot be seen

51
Q

Milky

A

Precipitate/Clotted

52
Q

Correlations of Urine Turbidity

Acidic Urine:
Alkaline Urine:

A

Acidic Urine: Amorphous Urates, Radiographic Contrast Media

Alkaline Urine: Amorphous phosphates, Carbonates

53
Q

Correlations of Urine Turbidity - Soluble in Heat

A

Amorphous Urates
Uric Acid Crystal

54
Q

Correlations of Urine Turbidity

Soluble in Dilute acetic Acid:
Insoluble in Dilute Acetic Acid:

A

Correlations of Urine Turbidity

Soluble in Dilute acetic Acid: RBCs, Amorphous phosphates, Carbonates

Insoluble in Dilute Acetic Acid: WBCs, Yeast, Spermatozoa

55
Q

Specific Gravity of the plasma filtrate entering the glomerulus

56
Q

Specific Gravity

Normal Random SG:
Common Random SG:
Not Urine SG:

A

Specific Gravity

Normal Random SG: 1.002 - 1.035
Common Random SG: 1.015 - 1.030
Not Urine SG: < 1.002

57
Q

Water Specific Gravity

58
Q

Requires Temperature Correction and Glucose, Protein Correction

A

Urinometry

59
Q

Urinometry

Volume Required:
Calibrator Temperature;
Calibrator:

A

Urinometry

Volume Required: 10 - 15 mL
Calibrator Temperature: 20C
Calibrator: Potassium Sulfate (K2SO4)

60
Q

Temperature Corrections

> 20C:
< 20C:

A

Temperature Corrections

> 20C: + 0.001 every 3C
< 20C: - 0.001 every 3C

61
Q

Glucose and Protein Correction

1 g/dL Glucose: ______
1 g/dL Protein: ______

A

Glucose and Protein Correction

1 g/dL Glucose: - 0.004
1 g/dL Protein: - 0.003

62
Q

Refractometer

Required Volume:
Calibrators:

A

Refractometer

Required Volume: 1-2 drops
Calibrators:
DW - 1.000
5% NaCl - 1.022
9% Sucrose - 1.034

63
Q

Principle of Refractometry

A

Compares the velocity of light in the AIR and velocity of light in the SOLUTION

Clinical Microscopy (15 decks)

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